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Öğe Accuracy and reliability of 3D stereophotogrammetry: A comparison to direct anthropometry and 2D photogrammetry(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Kutlu, Pinar; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Gorgulu, Serkan; Aslan, ErhanObjective: To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry by comparing it with the direct anthropometry and digital photogrammetry methods. The reliability of 3D stereophotogrammetry was also examined. Materials and Methods:. Six profile and four frontal parameters were directly measured on the faces of 80 participants. The same measurements were repeated using two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry and 3D stereophotogrammetry (3dMDflex System, 3dMD, Atlanta, Ga) to obtain images of the subjects. Another observer made the same measurements for images obtained with 3D stereophotogrammetry, and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated for 3D images. Both observers remeasured the 3D images 1 month later, and intraobserver reproducibility was evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired samples t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Results: The highest mean difference was 0.30 mm between direct measurement and photogrammetry, 0.21 mm between direct measurement and 3D stereophotogrammetry, and 0.5 mm between photogrammetry and 3D stereophotogrammetry. The lowest agreement value was 0.965 in the Sn-Pm parameter between the photogrammetry and 3D stereophotogrammetry methods. Agreement between the two observers varied from 0.90 (Ch-Ch) to 0.99 (Sn-Me) in linear measurements. For intraobserver agreement, the highest difference between means was 0.33 for observer 1 and 1.42 mm for observer 2. Conclusions: Measurements obtained using 3D stereophotogrammetry indicate that it may be an accurate and reliable imaging method for use in orthodontics.Öğe Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics(Aves Press Ltd, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Yetkiner, EnverThe advent of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has caused a significant change in the diagnostic approach practiced in dentistry, and in particular, orthodontics. Although conventional imaging methods such as orthopantomography and lateral cephalometric and anteroposterior graphs provide sufficient information in mild to moderate orthodontic anomalies, 3D imaging can be a necessity in severe skeletal anomalies or tooth impactions. Computed tomography (CT) has been frequently used when detailed 3D imaging is necessary despite its relatively high cost, low vertical resolution, and high dose of radiation. In contrast to conventional CT application, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology has had important advantages over the conventional method, such as minimization of the radiation dose, image accuracy, rapid scan time, fewer image artifacts, chair-side image display, and real-time analysis. These advantages have provided dental practitioners the opportunity to benefit more frequently from 3D imaging by relatively diminishing radiation dose considerations, financial burden, and availability, in particular. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the current understanding of CBCT practice in orthodontics and to summarize clinically relevant conditions.Öğe Dental crown symmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: A three-dimensional analysis on digital dental models(Wiley, 2019) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Dogan, ServetObjectives the purpose of this study was to conduct a 3-dimensional assessment of possible dental crown asymmetry in dental crown shape and/or size that was not clinically visible in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients on the maxilla and mandible and make a comparison to the control group without CLP. Setting and Sample Population the maxillary and mandibular digital models of orthodontically treated 35 individuals with non-syndromic UCLP (mean age: 14.6 +/- 2.1 years) and 35 class I individuals without CLP (mean age 14.1 +/- 1.5 years). Materials and Methods the crowns of the anterior and posterior teeth were segmented and the teeth on the cleft side were mirrored in UCLP patients considering the arbitrary midsagittal plane as reference. the first alignment was landmark-based and it was followed by the best-fit method. After aligning the images, millimetric differences (deviation analysis) between aligned surfaces were analysed. Independent Samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical comparisons. Results the highest difference between the cleft side and non-cleft side in the UCLP group was observed in the central incisors (1.85 +/- 0.79 mm). the mean difference between the groups in the central incisors was 1.20 mm (95% CI: -1.70; -0.69; P < 0.001). the mean of median values was found to be highest in the central incisors in the UCLP group as 0.72 +/- 0.27 mm. It was 0.15 +/- 0.05 mm in the control group. Conclusion the difference between the cleft and non-cleft side may exceed 1 mm in the maxillary central incisors of unilateral CLP patients.Öğe Displacement and stress distribution of Kilroy spring and nickel-titanium closed-coil spring during traction of palatally impacted canine: A 3-dimensional finite element analysis(Wiley, 2020) Sezici, Yagmur Lena; Gediz, Meltem; Akis, Ahmet Alper; Sari, Gozde; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Dindaroglu, FurkanObjective To compare the stress distribution and initial displacements during traction of palatally impacted canine between Kilroy and nickel-titanium (NiTi) closed-coil springs by means of the finite element analysis. Setting and Sample Population A finite element method analysis of two traction methods for a maxillary impacted canine. Materials and Methods the corresponding periodontal ligaments (PDLs), brackets, molar tubes and a 0.019 x 0.025-in base stainless-steel (SS) wire were modelled and imported to ANSYS SpaceClaim version 2020 R1. Traction was simulated under two different set-ups with equal force magnitude (60 g); (1) the Kilroy spring, which is made of 0.016-inch SS, and (2) the NiTi closed-coil spring. Von Mises stress distributions and initial displacements of the maxillary teeth were analysed. Results in both mechanics, while the highest stress was seen on the impacted canine (Kilroy, 10.41 kPa; NiTi closed-coil, 5.27 kPa), the stress distribution decreased as the distance from the impacted canine increased. the Kilroy spring showed a greater total displacement (465.60 mu m) on the impacted canine. the higher stresses on the adjacent lateral (5.29 kPa) and premolar (6.41 kPa) occurred with the Kilroy spring. Conclusions the Kilroy spring yielded higher stresses than the NiTi closed-coil spring on the impacted canine and the adjacent teeth. the difference between distribution of the stresses over the impacted canine induced greater displacement with the Kilroy spring, particularly in the vertical direction.Öğe Does YouTube provide adequate information about orthodontic pain?(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2023) Tamosiunaite, Ieva; Vasiliauskas, Arunas; Dindaroglu, FurkanObjectives: To evaluate the content and quality of information about orthodontic pain on YouTube.Materials and Methods: YouTube was searched using the keywords orthodontic painand brace pain.A total of 65 videos were chosen for the final analysis. Videos were classified into high-and low-content groups using an eight-point scoring system and reviewed according to selected orthodontic pain-related topics. Video quality was rated by the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI) and Global Quality Scale (GQS). Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 software, Mann-Whitney U-tests, v2 tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients.Results: Most YouTube videos related to orthodontic pain were low content (86.2%), and a few were high content (13.8%). Pharmacological pain relief was the most prevalent topic (50.8%), followed by duration of pain (32.3%) and influence of pain on patient quality of life (29.2%). The least-mentioned topic was possible location of pain (7.7%). Most of the videos were uploaded by laypeople (64.6%). Videos uploaded by dental professionals had significantly higher means of GQS scores (P = .035), flow of information (P < .001), information quality (P = .008), and total VIQI (P < .001). Compared with low-content, high-content videos had a higher mean of flow of information (P = .037). There was a weak correlation between total content and GQS scores and a strong correlation between GQS and VIQI scores (r = 0.740; P < .01). Conclusions: Overall, YouTube was found to be an inadequate source of information on orthodontic pain. (Angle Orthod. 2023;93:403-408.)Öğe The Effect of Educational Status on the Perception of Social and Spontaneous Smiles(Aves, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Ozmutlu, Merve Karabiyikoglu; Isiksal, ErdalObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of educational status on the perception of smile esthetics considering social and spontaneous smile patterns. Methods: The present study was conducted on 110 subjects with differing educational status. Of 110 subjects with a mean age of 39.4 years, 30 were primary school graduates, 30 were high school graduates, and 50 had a university or higher educational level. Four different black and white natural social and spontaneous smiling images, captured from a video recording of a 25-year-old female, were prepared displaying the full-face and oral area. A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the smile esthetics. Results: There were significant differences in the social and spontaneous smiles in a subjective assessment of the smile esthetics in full-face and oral views between participants having a different educational status (p>0.05). Compared with the other groups, the participants in the primary school graduate group gave higher esthetic scores in all the image groups. In terms of esthetic perception, this group was followed by high school graduates and participants with a university or higher level of education. In the four image groups, there was a significant difference between the primary school graduates and participants with a university or higher level of education (p<0.05). Conclusion: Educational status is a sociodemographic factor that can affect the perception of smile esthetics. The esthetic scores both in social and spontaneous smile decrease with increasing education level, and the most remarkable difference exists between primary school graduates and those with university or higher level of education.Öğe Effect of facial profile convexity on the perception of mandibular asymmetry using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images(Wiley, 2020) Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Tasdelen, Fahir Ozer; Dindaroglu, FurkanObjective the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sagittal anomalies have an effect on the perception of mandibular asymmetry. Secondly, it aimed to determine the asymmetry perception threshold of orthodontist and laypeople. Setting and Sample Population A total of 90 individuals were included in the study from different professions (Orthodontist: n:45, layperson: n:45). Materials & Methods the reference image was obtained with 3dMD device and selected from among the individuals with class I soft tissue relationship. in the sagittal direction, the chin area has been moved as to produce 5 and 10 degrees of change in facial convexity angle. Similarly, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm changes were made and recorded in video format. Manipulated images were scored by participants with VAS method. Results When differences between the groups were evaluated, the reference image was scored similarly by orthodontists and layperson (P: .017). No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in other parameters (P > .05). Asymmetry in 0-2 mm range was evaluated by orthodontist and layperson and statistically insignificant (P > .05). Similarly, the change between 8 mm and 10 mm was different in both groups and statistically insignificant (P > .05). Also, when there was no asymmetry, the sagittal direction was differently scored by the participants in both groups and statistically insignificant (P > .05). Conclusions It was observed that the effect of sagittal direction changes on asymmetry perception was not statistically significant.Öğe Effects of Emotional States on Reproducibilities of Rest Position, Social and Spontaneous Smiles, and Speech(Galenos Publishing House, 2024) Bulut, Isil; Sahin, Ilke; Dindaroglu, FurkanObjective: To evaluate the effect of emotional states on reproducibilities of rest position, social and spontaneous smiles, and speech. Methods: A total of 30 individuals aged 18-22 years were included (mean age; 19.03 years +/- 1.03). Three emotional states were determined: amusing, sadness, and neutral. The participants watched three different videos in 3 sessions on the same day. After each video, the participants completed a questionnaire to assess their mood. The rest position, social and spontaneous smiles, and speech recordings were gathered from the participants using videographic method. Measurements were made for each function. The Friedman test, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for statistical evaluations, and intra-observer correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement were calculated. Results: In spontaneous smiles, there were significant differences between amusing and sadness in the smile height (p=0.020); amusing and sadness in the lower lip thickness (p=0.029). In social smiles there was a significant difference between amusing and sadness in the maxillary incisor display (p=0.006).There were no statistically significant differences in the rest position, but clinically significant differences were observed in some participants. In speech, a significant difference was found between amusing and sadness in the distance between the upper lip and subnasal (p=0.035). Conclusion: The reproducibility of social and spontaneous smiles was influenced by various emotional states. However, the rest position exhibits higher reproducibility than social and spontaneous smiles in all emotional states.Öğe Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on facial soft tissues Deviation analysis on three-dimensional images(Urban & Vogel, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Gorgulu, SerkanChanges in soft tissue in various morphological regions of the face immediately after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) were examined using three-dimensional (3D) deviation analyses. A total of 50 patients were included in the study; 25 patients (11 female and 14 male) presented with a unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbite malocclusion requiring RME. In addition, 25 patients (13 female and 12 male) were included as a control group. The mean ages of the study group and control group were 9.8 years (range 8.1-12.6 years) and 9.6 years (range 8.3-12.2 years), respectively. The 3D stereophotogrammetric images acquired immediately before the appliance was cemented and after expansion had been completed in the treatment group were compared using Rapidform software. The 3D deviation analyses were made for the complete face and in the upper and lower face, upper and lower lips and nose regions. The amount of negative and positive deviations and the mean deviations were examined on the facial meshes for the 95th percentiles. Immediately after RME, the mean absolute deviation over the complete face was 0.54 +/- 0.16 mm. The mean change for the upper face was 0.42 +/- 0.17 mm (mean positive deviation: 0.37 +/- 0.17 mm; mean negative deviation: -0.48 +/- 0.18 mm). The mean absolute deviation was 0.62 +/- 0.28 mm in the upper lip and 0.60 +/- 0.34 mm in the lower lip. In the nose area, the absolute deviation was 0.41 +/- 0.21 mm (mean positive deviation: 0.39 +/- 0.16 mm; mean negative deviation: -0.43 +/- 0.26 mm). Changes in facial soft tissues in the upper face, lower face, nasal soft tissues, and lower and upper lip regions were observed after RME.Öğe Evaluation and comparison of root resorption between tooth-borne and tooth-tissue borne rapid maxillary expansion appliances: A CBCT study(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Dogan, ServetObjective: To compare volumetric root resorption after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) between tooth-borne and tissue-borne appliances using CBCT. Repair in resorption cavities after 6 months of fixed retention was also compared. Materials and Methods: A sample of 33 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Hyrax (n = 16) and Haas (n = 17). CBCT scans were taken 6 months before expansion, immediately after expansion, and 6 months after fixed retention. Mimics Innovation V 16.0 software was used for segmentation and volumetric measurement of 198 teeth. Bland-Altman plots, independent samples ttest, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Differences in root resorption after RME and repair after retention were not significant between the hyrax and Haas appliances or between male and female. Significant differences were found between preexpansion and postexpansion root volumes in the first premolars and molars even in unattached second premolars. When the percentage of root volume loss is considered, no significant difference was found between the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar. Volumetric changes after 6 months of retention were not statistically significant. Conclusions: More resorption was observed in the Hyrax expander group. But it was not statistically significant. Repair was observed after 6 months of retention. Heavy RME forces affected premolars and molar similarly.Öğe Evaluation of the Relationship between Curve of Spee, WALA-FA Distance and Curve of Wilson in Normal Occlusion(Aves Press Ltd, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Tekeli, Alaattin; Gorgulu, Serkan; Dogan, ServetObjective: To test the hypotheses that (i) there is a significant correlation between the curve of Spee (COS), basal arch (WALA ridge) to dental arch distance (WALA-FA distance) and curve of Wilson (CW) and that (ii) the deepening of the COS is affected by the CW and the WALA-FA distance. Methods: Mandibular models of 50 patients aged between 20 and 35 years were scanned with TRIOS. The xyz coordinate system was determined, and a reference occlusal plane was generated. The depth of the COS, the CW, and WALA-FA distance were measured using an engineering software. Results: The greatest difference in the measurement of the depth of the COS between the right and left was found to be 0.41 +/- 0.50 mm in the first molar teeth. On the basis of the results of Pearson correlation analysis, there was no strong correlation between the depth of the COS, the CW, and the WALA-FA distance. Conclusion: It was shown that there was no strong correlation between the depth of COS, CW, and WALA-FA distance. The CW and WALA-FA distance could not be effective in the deepening of the COS.Öğe Hard- and soft-tissue symmetry comparison in patients with Class III malocclusion(Mosby-Elsevier, 2019) Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Dindaroglu, Furkan; Kutlu, PinarObjective: Our aim was to describe hard- and soft-tissue asymmetry in people who have a skeletal Class III malocclusion, and to compare with those without asymmetry. We also performed a regional analysis of a possible correlation between facial soft- and hard-tissue asymmetries. Methods: This retrospective study was performed with the use of the computed tomographic scans of 60 subjects. The skeletal Class III subjects were categorized into 2 subgroups: soft-tissue menton deviation <= 4 mm (n = 20) versus >4 mm (n = 20). The Class III groups were compared with a Class I symmetry group (n = 20). Hard and soft tissues were segmented into different morphologic areas and deviation calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained, and 1-way analysis of variance was conducted for statistical analysis. Results: The highest deviation in the hard tissues of the Class III asymmetry group was in the corpus region (5.55 +/- 3.05 mm), with the second highest in the angulus region (4.70 +/- 2.43 mm). The highest average deviation in the soft tissues was seen in the lower cheek (7.04 +/- 3.46 mm). In the different study groups, the amounts of asymmetry measured in anatomic structures on the mandible were found to be highly correlated between neighboring structures. Conclusions: Clinically and statistically significant differences were found in the anatomic regions located in the middle and lower thirds of the face. There was a medium or high correlation between condyle, coronoid process, ramus, and angulus regions. A low level of correlation was observed between middle face and mandibular asymmetries in hard-tissue upper cheek and lower cheek regions were correlated with different mandibular regions.Öğe Inconsistency between ANB Angle and Wits Appraisal in the Turkish Population(Aves Press Ltd, 2015) Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Dindaroglu, Furkan; Gorgulu, Serkan; Kilic, SelimObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cephalometric parameters that impair the consistency between the Wits and ANB measurements, which are used in the determination of anteroposterior jaw relationships by logistic regression analysis in the Turkish population. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 207 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 100 females (mean age: 15.5 +/- 1.09 years; age range: 14.2-17.3 years) and 107 males (mean age: 15.1 +/- 0.93 years; age range: 14.1-16.9 years) obtained from the archives of the orthodontic department. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were divided into two groups according to the presence of inconsistency between the ANB angle and Wits appraisal. The cephalometric parameters that cause the inconsistency were determined using a logistic regression method with the creation of three different regression models. Results: We found posterior rotation of the mandible (SN-MP degrees) (OR=1.09; p=0.029) as an independent predictor of the inconsistency in Model 1. In Model 2, SN-MP degrees (OR=1.11; p=0.016) was also found to be effective on the development of the inconsistency. In Model 3, inclination of the occlusal plane (OP-SN degrees) (OR=1.07, p=0.02) was the independent predictor of the inconsistency. Conclusion: An increase in SN-MP degrees and OP-SN degrees are effective in the development of inconsistency between the ANB and Wits appraisals in the Turkish population.Öğe Is the Nasolabial Region Symmetric in Individuals With Cleft Lip and Palate?(Sage Publications Inc, 2022) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Dogan, Ege; Dogan, ServetObjective To assess the nasolabial symmetry in smile and resting position in individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare with Class I individuals without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Materials and Methods Frontal photographs of 40 individuals with UCLP (mean age 14.30 +/- 0.25 years; 20 female, 20 male) and 40 skeletal Class I individuals without CLP (mean age 14.60 +/- 0.34 years; 20 female and 20 male) were examined. Bland-Altman Levels of Agreements, Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test were conducted, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for statistical analysis. Results Differences in the transverse lip distance (d-d') and vertical lip height at crista philtri (e-e') were lesser in the UCLP group at smile (P = .001; P = .005, respectively). When comparing the differences in these measurements at rest between control and UCLP groups, vertical lip height was longer at crista philtri (e-e') (P = .014), crista philtri was more laterally located (f-f') (P = .002), and the transverse lip distance was greater (d-d') (P = .004) in the UCLP group. Distance of the crista philtri to the midline of the face (f-f') (P = .007) were higher in the UCLP group during smiling compared to control group. Conclusions Nasolabial region asymmetry in smiling and rest position in individuals with UCLP was significantly different from the control group. However, the asymmetry in the nasolabial region, which is more evident in the resting position in individuals with UCLP, decreases during smiling.Öğe Is YouTube an adequate patient resource about orthodontic retention? A cross-sectional analysis of content and quality(Mosby-Elsevier, 2022) Sezici, Yagmur Lena; Gediz, Meltem; Dindaroglu, FurkanIntroduction: The study aimed to evaluate the content and quality of information offered by YouTube for patients seeking information related to orthodontic retainers. Methods: YouTube was searched using the keyword orthodontic retainers from Google Trends. From the first 120 results, 97 videos were selected to be analyzed. Videos were rated for quality by video information and quality index (VIQI) and the global quality scale (GQS). Videos were classified as low- and high-content groups using a 10-point score considering several retainer-related topics. Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical evaluations. Results: Most YouTube videos were uploaded by dentists/specialists (62.9%). We classified 12 videos as high content and 85 as low content. Instructions on the use of the orthodontic retainer was the most commonly covered topic (42.3%), followed by the effect on oral hygiene (38.1%), definition (37.1%), procedure of preparing orthodontic retainers (33.0%), and procedure of positioning (30.9%). A lower percentage of videos (6.2%) mentioned soft tissue irritation. The high-content video group had a significantly higher median value of GQS score and VIQI (P<0.001). The correlation between GQS and VIQI was strong (r = 0.698; P < 0.01). Conclusions: The content of YouTube videos for orthodontic retainers could not be considered as an adequate source of information for patients on orthodontic retainers. Most videos included instructions on the use of orthodontic retainers, but fewer videos mentioned the effect on speech performance and soft tissue irritations.Öğe Lingual orthodontic treatment: A YouTube (TM) video analysis(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2018) Lena, Yagmur; Dindaroglu, FurkanObjectives: The aim of this study was to examine the quality of information offered for patients seeking information on lingual orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: YouTube (TM) was searched for videos about lingual orthodontic treatment using the key word "lingual braces'' from the Google Trends application. One hundred and four videos were selected to be analyzed from the first 120 results. The video content was evaluated using a 10-point score, which was used for classifying low-and high-content video groups. The video information and quality index (VIQI) was applied to determine the quality of the videos. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for statistical evaluations. Results: We classified 32 videos as high-content and 72 as low-content. Most videos were uploaded by laypeople (58.7%, n = 61). Definition of lingual braces and psychological impact were the most commonly discussed topics (51.0%), followed by speech performance (47.1%), pain (44.2%), tongue soreness (37.5%), and biomechanics (14.4%). Compared to the low-content group, the high-content video group had a significantly higher mean number of views (19,867.41 vs 6720.08, P = .002) and more "likes'' (135.88 vs 13.01, P < .001), "dislikes'' (4.34 vs 0.81, P < .001), and "comments'' (26.28 vs 5.31, P = .002). There was no difference in the total VIQI score between the groups (P =.009). Conclusions: The content of YouTube (TM) videos for lingual orthodontics was generally incomplete. Most videos mentioned psychological effects, but few videos discussed the biomechanics or procedure. Orthodontists should be aware of the information available on YouTubee.Öğe Mesiodistal Angulation of Each Whole Tooth in Patients With Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Is it Symmetrical?(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Sezici, Yagmur Lena; Dindaroglu, Furkan; Isik, Abdulkadir; Dogan, ServetObjective: To assess the symmetry of the mesiodistal angulations of maxillary and mandibular teeth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare with the class I control group without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design: A retrospective study. Setting: University department. Patients, Participants: The panoramic radiographs of 45 orthodontically untreated individuals with nonsyndromic UCLP (mean age 14.13 +/- 0.75 years) and 45 skeletal class I individuals without CLP (mean age 14.01 +/- 0.74 years). Interventions: The line passing through the most superior points of the condyles was taken as the reference. The angle between the long axes of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and reference line was measured digitally. With the purpose of determining condylar symmetry, mandibular asymmetry index measurements were utilized. Independent samples t test and paired samples t test were used for the statistical analyses. Main Outcome Measure(s): The mesiodistal angulation of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in patients with UCLP was measured. The differences between the contralateral sides were determined and compared to class I individuals without CLP. Results: No statistically significant difference was found among the condylar asymmetry in both groups (P > .05).The significant differences between the cleft and noncleft sides in the UCLP group was observed in the maxillary central, canine, first premolar and second molar teeth (P < .001, P = .002, P = .013, P = .012, respectively). The mean differences were found to be higher in the central and lateral incisors, canines and first premolars in the UCLP group (P < .001, P = .006, P = .001, respectively). Conclusions: Although the cleft-side maxillary central incisors tipped in a distal direction in patients with UCLP, the canine and first premolar showed more inclinations toward the mesial direction.Öğe Perception of Smile Esthetics by Orthodontists and Laypersons: Full Face and A Localized View of The Social and Spontaneous Smiles(Aves Press Ltd, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Erdinc, Aslihan M. Ertan; Dogan, ServetObjective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the parameters that might affect the esthetic perception of localized and full-face views of social and spontaneous smiles. Methods: Video records of 40 individuals were used. Further, 200 images of each individual were captured for social and spontaneous smiles with and without calibration glasses. Full-face images of social smile (SSF) and spontaneous smile (smile of joy) (JSF) were obtained. Furthermore, the mouth-area images of the same social (SSM) and spontaneous (JSM) smiles from each subject were acquired. Here 160 images were evaluated by orthodontists and laypersons using the Q-sort method. The data were analyzed with logistic regression and independent samples t-test. Results: From the orthodontic perspective, upper lip thickness (p=0.004), lip curtain over incisors (p=0.016), maxillary incisor display (p=0.01), and buccal corridor ratio (p=0.006) were significant to determine attractive and unattractive images when viewing localized social smiles. Laypersons identified no particular parameter to explain the variation in preferences for all the image groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Upper lip thickness and maxillary incisor display during smiling were found to be effective for distinguishing images as attractive and unattractive by orthodontists. No objective evaluations for the attractiveness were made by laypersons.Öğe Reproducibility of the lip position at rest: A 3-dimensional perspective(Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Gorgulu, SerkanIntroduction: In this study, we evaluated the reproducibility of the lip position at rest in 3 dimensions using reverse engineering software and stereophotogrammetric images. Methods: We used 3dMD Flex (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga) to obtain 60 stereophotogrammetric images from the same participant. Thirty images were obtained in 3 sessions on the same day, and the procedure was repeated 6 weeks later for 30 more images. The surface-base registration, the segmentation of the upper and lower lips, and the 3-dimensional deviation analysis were performed with Geomagic Control (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC) software. The Shapiro-Wilk test, paired sample t test, Bland-Altman plots, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of P <0.05. Results: The deviations of the upper lip on the first images were between 0.16 and 1.39 mm. The mean total deviation was 0.25 +/- 0.12 mm. The mean deviation of the lower lip was 0.34 +/- 0.17 mm. The deviations were observed between -1.96 and 1.97 mm. When the mean positive (P = 0.633 and P = 0.171, respectively) and the mean negative (P = 0.771 and P = 0.842, respectively) deviations of the upper and lower lips were analyzed, there was no significant difference between the 2 time points. Conclusions: The results suggest that the rest position can be reproduced within a small range both on the same day and between the sessions. More research with larger samples is needed to confirm these results.Öğe Root Resorption in Orthodontics(Aves Press Ltd, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Dogan, ServetRoot resorption has been the subject of many studies, and it can be caused by many factors such as the mechanics used during orthodontic treatment, factors related to the type and magnitude of the force, and other factors related to treatment such as the type of tooth movement and malocclusion. The clinical importance of root resorption is directly related to its detectability. Therefore, orthodontic and biological factors that may cause root resorption were evaluated using various imaging methods in present use. In this review, root resorption in orthodontics was considered from different viewpoints.