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Öğe Characterising the diversity of aubergine landraces in Turkey(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2022) Kir, A.; Cetinel, B.; Cetinkaya, N.; Conroy, J.; Schmutz, U.For sustainable organic production, many growers and consumers consider non-replicable, F1/hybrid seeds to be contentious inputs. In contrast, locally adapted, disease resistant and disease tolerant organic seeds, preferably bred from landraces are viewed more favourably. The in situ conservation of landraces and a wide, diverse and well-described pool of plant genetic resources for breeding is seen as important and this has gained increased interest from organic producers in recent years. Therefore, this paper describes the survey, collection, morphological characterisation and disease resistance (Alternaria solani) of aubergine (Solanum melongena L., also called Brinjal eggplant) landraces across Turkey. Landraces of aubergine were surveyed and collected from all over the country and conserved ex situ in the Seed Gene Bank of Ankara in central Turkey. A minimum set of 11 important morphological and agronomic traits of ECPGR (European Cooparetive Programme for Plant Genetic Resources), IPBGR (The International Plant Board of Plant Genetic Resources) and UPOV (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) descriptors were used in clustering for PCA (principle component analysis) and accessions were tested for disease resistance to Alternaria solani. Results showed that, a) a high diversity of at least 65 aubergine landraces exists in Turkey. Five main principle components accounted for 78.6% of the total PCA variability, and b) 14 accessions of the total 65 aubergine landraces are resistant to Alternaria solani. We conclude that the characterised set of landraces can be a valuable resource for organic aubergine breeding programmes, and may contribute to the phase-out of other contentious inputs in organic farming such as copper fungicides. We also conclude that both a high diversity, but also similarities exist among aubergine landrace accessions in Turkey. Further research on potential disease resistance and molecular characterisation is needed to better integrate landrace diversity and disease resistance into organic food and farming systems. © 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of Vegetation Time and Climatic Conditions on trans-Resveratrol Concentrations in Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Wines from Different Regions in Turkey(South African Soc Enology & Viticulture-Sasev, 2016) Yama, U. R.; Adiguzel, B. C.; Yucel, U.; Cetinkaya, N.In this study, 21 wine samples obtained from wine manufacturers in Turkey and produced from different grape varieties cultivated in different geographical regions, were analysed to determine their resveratrol concentrations. The HPLC method was used to analyse the trans-resveratrol concentrations of wines. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0.0. Mean values were compared by using the Tukey test at a confidence level of p = 0.05. The resveratrol concentrations of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes were also determined. Since these two varieties are grown widely in many regions of Turkey, they were studied in terms of the relationship of the resveratrol concentrations with parameters such as time of vegetation, total effective temperature, sunshine duration and rainfall. Positive correlations were observed between resveratrol levels and grape varieties, geographical regions and total effective temperature. The results of the statistical analysis showed that resveratrol concentrations also varied depending on vegetation time, sunshine duration and amount of rainfall in the vineyards. This study aimed to identify the relationships between (1) resveratrol concentrations of wines, (2) vegetation time of the grapes and (3) climatic conditions of the respective regions. Moreover, the effects of grape types on resveratrol concentrations were investigated. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing results on the utilisation of grapes that have high resveratrol levels for producing wines that have functional properties that are increasingly in demand by consumers.Öğe Exogenous pipecolic acid modulates plant defence responses against Podosphaera xanthii and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)(Wiley, 2021) Pazarlar, S.; Sanver, U.; Cetinkaya, N.Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting and broad-based resistance that can be activated following infection with (a)virulent pathogens and treatment with exogenous elicitors. Pipecolic acid (Pip), a Lys-derived non-protein amino acid, naturally occurs in many different plant species, and its N-hydroxylated derivative, N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), acts as a crucial regulator of SAR. in the present study, we conducted a systemic analysis of the defence responses of a series of D,L-Pip-pretreated Cucumis sativus L. against Podosphaera xanthii (P. xanthii) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl). The effects of D,L-Pip on ROS metabolism, defence-related gene expression, SA accumulation and activity of defence-related enzymes were evaluated. We show that exogenously applied D,L-Pip successfully induces SAR in cucumber against P. xanthii and Psl, but not Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). Exogenous application of D,L-Pip via the root system is sufficient to activate the accumulation of free and conjugated salicylic acid (SA), and earlier and stronger upregulation of SAR-associated gene transcription upon P. xanthii infection. Furthermore, D,L-Pip treatment and subsequent pathogen inoculation promote hydrogen peroxide and superoxide accumulation, as well as Rboh transcription activation in cucumber plants, suggesting that D,L-Pip-triggered ROS production might be involved in enhanced defence reactions against P. xanthii. We also demonstrate that D,L-Pip pretreatment increases the activity of defence-associated enzymes, including peroxidase, chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase. The results presented in this report provide promising features of Pip as an elicitor in cucumber and call for further studies that may uncover its potential in production areas against different phytopathogens.Öğe First Report of Pseudomonas viridiflava Causing Bacterial Blight on Globe Artichoke in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Sanver, U.; Pazarlar, S.; Cetinkaya, N.; Ozaktan, H.Öğe OPTIMIZING BEAN CULTIVATION: MYCORRHIZAL APPLICATIONS AND MITIGATING PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE(Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2024) Cetinkaya, N.; Paylan, I. C.Of the 60 million tons of legumes produced globally, beans account for 17,662,028. Turkey ranks third among the producers of green beans worldwide, with an annual production of 587, 967. Bean rust disease (Uromyces appendiculatus), root rot disease (Rhizoctonia solani), and bean common mosaic disease (Bean common mosaic potyvirus) are the primary afflictions affecting bean crops in the Aegean Region. Diseases can result in significant crop loss and reduced seed quality. Therefore, it is crucial to carry out pest control activities using sustainable agricultural techniques to minimize the impacts on human and environmental health, agroecosystems, and biological balance. This study aimed to establish mycorrhiza applications in beans as a sustainable approach for plant protection activities, providing more profitable production advantage by reducing fungicide use when combined within the framework of integrated disease management. Based on these findings, mycorrhiza application reduced rust infection by 40% and BCMV infection by 30.2% in the sensitive genotypes. Our field experiments demonstrated that the application of mycorrhiza resulted in 34% reduction of rust disease outbreaks and 65% less use of fungicides compared to the untreated plants.
