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    International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) national report on device-associated infection rates in 19 cities of Turkey, data summary for 2003-2012
    (Bmc, 2014) Leblebicioglu, Hakan; Erben, Nurettin; Rosenthal, Victor Daniel; Atasay, Begum; Erbay, Ayse; Unal, Serhat; Senol, Gunes; Willke, Ayse; Ozgultekin, Asu; Altin, Nilgun; Bakir, Mehmet; Oncul, Oral; Ersoz, Gulden; Ozdemir, Davut; Yalcin, Ata Nevzat; Ozdemir, Halil; Yildizdas, Dincer; Koksal, Iftihar; Aygun, Canan; Sirmatel, Fatma; Sener, Alper; Tuna, Nazan; Akan, OTzay Arikan; Turgut, Huseyin; Demiroz, A. Pekcan; Kendirli, Tanil; Alp, Emine; Uzun, Cengiz; Ulusoy, Sercan; Arman, Dilek; Ozgunes, Ilhan; Usluer, Gaye; Kilic, Atila; Arsan, Saadet; Cabadak, Hatice; Sen, Suha; Gelebek, Yasemin; Zengin, Humeyra; Topeli, Arzu; Alper, Yusuf; Meric, Meliha; Azak, Emel; Inan, Asuman; Turan, Guldem; Haznedaroglu, Tuncer; Gorenek, Levent; Acar, Ali; Cesur, Salih; Engin, Aynur; Kaya, Ali; Kuyucu, Necdet; Geyik, Mehmet Faruk; Aydin, Ozlem Cetinkaya; Erdogan, Nurse Selvi; Turhan, Ozge; Gunay, Nurgul; Gumus, Eylul; Dursun, Oguz; Esen, Saban; Ulger, Fatma; Dilek, Ahmet; Yilmaz, Hava; Sunbul, Mustafa; Gokmen, Zeynel; Ozdemir, Sonay Incesoy; Horoz, Ozden Ozgur; Yylmaz, Gurdal; Kaya, Selcuk; Ulusoy, Hulya; Kucukoduk, Sukru; Ustun, Cemal; Baysal, Abant Izzet; Otkun, Metin; Tulunay, Melek; Oral, Mehmet; Unal, Necmettin; Cengiz, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Leyla; Sacar, Suzan; Sungurtekin, Hulya; Ugurcan, Dogac; Yetkin, M. Arzu; Bulut, Cemal; Erdinc, F. Sebnem; Hatipoglu, Cigdem Ataman; Ince, Erdal; Ciftci, Ergin; Odek, Caglar; Yaman, Ayhan; Karbuz, Adem; Aldemir, Bilge; Kilic, Aysegul Ulu; Arda, Bilgin; Bacakoglu, Feza; Hizel, Kenan
    Background: Device-associated healthcare-acquired infections (DA-HAI) pose a threat to patient safety, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). We report the results of the International Infection Control Consortium (INICC) study conducted in Turkey from August 2003 through October 2012. Methods: A DA-HAI surveillance study in 63 adult, paediatric ICUs and neonatal ICUs (NICUs) from 29 hospitals, in 19 cities using the methods and definitions of the U.S. NHSN and INICC methods. Results: We collected prospective data from 94,498 ICU patients for 647,316 bed days. Pooled DA-HAI rates for adult and paediatric ICUs were 11.1 central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) per 1000 central line (CL)-days, 21.4 ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) per 1000 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days and 7.5 catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) per 1000 urinary catheter-days. Pooled DA-HAI rates for NICUs were 30 CLABSIs per 1000 CL-days, and 15.8 VAPs per 1000 MV-days. Extra length of stay (LOS) in adult and paediatric ICUs was 19.4 for CLABSI, 8.7 for VAP and 10.1 for CAUTI. Extra LOS in NICUs was 13.1 for patients with CLABSI and 16.2 for patients with VAP. Extra crude mortality was 12% for CLABSI, 19.4% for VAP and 10.5% for CAUTI in ICUs, and 15.4% for CLABSI and 10.5% for VAP in NICUs. Pooled device use (DU) ratios for adult and paediatric ICUs were 0.54 for MV, 0.65 for CL and 0.88 for UC, and 0.12 for MV, and 0.09 for CL in NICUs. The CLABSI rate was 8.5 per 1,000 CL days in the Medical Surgical ICUs included in this study, which is higher than the INICC report rate of 4.9, and more than eight times higher than the NHSN rate of 0.9. Similarly, the VAP and CAUTI rates were higher compared with U. S. NHSN (22.3 vs. 1.1 for VAP; 7.9 vs. 1.2 for CAUTI) and with the INICC report (22.3 vs. 16.5 in VAP; 7.9 vs. 5.3 in CAUTI). Conclusions: DA-HAI rates and DU ratios in our ICUs were higher than those reported in the INICC global report and in the US NHSN report.
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    A prospective multicenter study on the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units with clinical and environmental features
    (Bmc, 2019) Boral, Baris; Unaldi, Ozlem; Ergin, Alper; Durmaz, Riza; Eser, Ozgen Koseoglu; Zarakolu, Pinar; Ersoz, Gulden; Kaya, Ali; Haciseyitoglu, Demet; Ak, Oznur; Gencer, Serap; Sariguzel, Fatma Mutlu; Celik, Ilhami; Uyanik, Muhammet Hamdullah; Ozden, Kemalettin; Acikgoz, Ziya Cibali; Guner, Rahmet; Akcali, Alper; Sener, Alper; Adiloglu, Ali; Bulut, Cemal; Yalinay, Meltem; Dizbay, Murat; Aydemir, Sohret; Sipahi, Oguz Resat
    BackgroundMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections are considered as emerging nosocomial infections particularly in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, reliable detection of MDR strains is crucial for management of treatment but also for epidemiological data collections. The purpose of this study was to compare antimicrobial resistance and the clonal distribution of MDR clinical and environmental A. baumannii isolates obtained from the ICUs of 10 different hospitals from five geographical regions of Turkey in the context of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.MethodsA multicenter-prospective study was conducted in 10 medical centers of Turkey over a 6month period. A total of 164 clinical and 12 environmental MDR A. baumannii isolates were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for amikacin (AN), ampicillin-sulbactam (SAM), ceftazidime (CAZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), imipenem (IMP) and colistin (COL) by microdilution method and by antibiotic gradient test for tigecycline (TIG). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine the clonal relationship between the isolates. The detection of the resistance genes, bla(OXA-23),bla(OXA-24),bla(OXA-51,)bla(OXA-58,)bla(IMP,)bla(NDM), bla(KPC), bla(OXA-48) and bla(PER-1) was carried out using the PCR method.ResultsThe mortality rate of the 164 patients was 58.5%. The risk factors for mortality included diabetes mellitus, liv1er failure, the use of chemotherapy and previous use of quinolones. Antimicrobial resistance rates for AN, SAM, CAZ, CIP, IMP, COL and TIG were 91.8%, 99.4%, 99.4%, 100%, 99.4%, 1.2% and 1.7% respectively. Colistin showed the highest susceptibility rate. Four isolates did not grow on the culture and were excluded from the analyses. Of 172 isolates, 166 (96.5%) carried bla(OXA-23), 5 (2.9%) bla(OXA-58) and one isolate (0.6%) was positive for both genes. The frequency of bla(PER-1) was found to be 2.9%. None of the isolates had bla(IMP), bla(KPC), bla(NDM) and bla(OXA-48) genes. PFGE analysis showed 88 pulsotypes. Fifteen isolates were clonally unrelated. One hundred fifty-seven (91.2%) of the isolates were involved in 14 different clusters.ConclusionsColistin is still the most effective antibiotic for A. baumannii infections. The gene bla(OXA-23) has become the most prevalent carbapenemase in Turkey. The distribution of invasive A. baumannii isolates from different regions of Turkey is not diverse so, infection control measures at medical centers should be revised to decrease the MDR A. baumannii infections across the country. The results of this study are expected to provide an important baseline to assess the future prophylactic and therapeutic options.
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    Risk factors for infection with colistin-resistant gram-negative microorganisms: a multicenter study
    (K Faisal Spec Hosp Res Centre, 2016) Yilmaz, Gul R.; Dizbay, Murat; Guven, Tumer; Pullukcu, Husnu; Tasbakan, Meltem; Guzel, Ozlem Tunccan; Tekce, Yasemin T.; Ozden, Mehmet; Turhan, Ozge; Guner, Rahmet; Cag, Yasemin; Bozkurt, Fatma; Karadag, Fatma Yilmaz; Kartal, Elif Doyuk; Gozel, Gokhan; Bulut, Cemal; Erdinc, Sebnem; Keske, Siran; Acikgoz, Ziya Cibali; Tasyaran, Mehmet A.
    BACKGROUND: Knowing risk factors for colistin resistance is important since colistin is the only remaining choice for the treatment of infections caused by multi-drug resistant microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate risk factors associated with infection by colistin-resistant microorganisms. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTINGS: Tertiary healthcare centers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An e-mail including the title and purpose of the study was sent to 1500 infectious disease specialists via a scientific and social web portal named "Infeksiyon Dunyasi (Infection World)". Demographic and clinical data was requested from respondents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Colistin-resistance. RESULTS: Eighteen infectious disease specialists from twelve tertiary care centers responded to the invitation. Data was collected on 165 patients, 56 cases (39.9%) and 109 (66.0%) age-and sex-matched controls. The colistin-resistant microorganisms isolated from cases were 29 Acinetobacter baumannii (51.8%), 18 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.1%) and 9 Klebsiella spp. Colistin, carbapenem, and quinolone use in the last three months were risk factors for colistin resistance in the univariate analysis. Previous quinolone use in the last three months (P=.003; RR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5-6,7) and previous colistin use in the last three months (P=.001; RR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.63-7.99) were significant risk factors in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should limit the use of quinolones and remain aware of the possibility of resistance developing during colistin use. LIMITATIONS: The lack of a heteroresistance analysis on the isolates. No data on use of a loading dose or the use of colistin in combination.
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    Tigecycline in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis: Results of the Ege study
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Sipahi, Oguz Resat; Mermer, Sinan; Demirdal, Tuna; Ulu, Ashhan Candevir; Fillatre, Pierre; Ozcem, Selin Bardak; Kaya, Safak; Sener, Alper; Bulut, Cemal; Tekin, Recep; Kahraman, Hasip; Ozgiray, Erkin; Yurtseven, Taskin; Sipahi, Hilal; Arda, Bilgin; Pullukcu, Husnu; Tasbakan, Meltem; Yamazhan, Tansu; Aydemir, Sohret; Ulusoy, Sercan
    Objectives: In this study we retrospectively reviewed A. baumannii meningitis cases treated with tigecycline including regimens and evaluated the efficacy of tigecycline in the therapy. Patients and Methods: Study was performed in seven tertiary-care educational hospitals from five cities of Turkey and one center from France. We extracted data and outcomes of all adult (aged > 18) patients with culture proven A. baumannii meningitis treated with tigecycline including antibiotic therapy until April 2016. Results: A total of 23 patients (15 male and eight female) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. All Acinetobacter strains were carbapenem-resistant and susceptible to tigecycline. Six cases received tigecycline monotherapy while 17 received tigecycline including combination therapy (10 with colistin, 4 with netilmicin, 3 with amikacin, 4 with meropenem). Seven of 23 cases (30%) died during the tigecycline including therapy (1 in monotherapy, 4 in colistin, 2 in netilmicin, 1 amikacin, one case received tigecycline + netilmicin followed by tigecycline + colistin). Hence, overall end of treatment (EOT) success was 70%. However, since further 27% died due to additional nosocomial infections, overall clinical success (relieved symptoms at the EOT and one-month post therapy survival without any relapse or reinfection) decreased to 43%. Conclusion: We conclude that tigecycline may be an alternative in the salvage treatment of nosocomial multi drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. meningitis. Acinetobacter spp. Meningitis.