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    Age-related effects of catching, crating, and transportation at different seasons on core body temperature and physiological blood parameters in broilers
    (Poultry Science Association, 2004) Yalçin S.; Özkan S.; Oktay G.; Çabuk M.; Erbayraktar Z.; Bilgili S.F.
    This study was designed to determine the physiological effects of 3 preslaughter treatments (catching, crating, and transportation) on male and female broiler chickens slaughtered at 35, 42, 49, and 56 d of age. At each age, 18 birds (3 birds per sex and pen; 3 replicate pens) were sampled after catching, crating, and transportation for l h for core body (rectal) temperature (Rt), blood pH, gases (partial CO2 and O2 pressures), ions (Na+, K+, Ca++, HCO3 -), hemoglobin, plasma glucose, albumin, uric acid, creatine kinase (CK) activity, and white blood cell differential counts. The experiment was repeated under fall and summer environmental conditions. The preslaughter treatments (i.e., catching, crating, and transportation) imposed in this study were only moderately stressful in broiler chickens, as indicated by the low heterophil/lympocyte (H/L) ratios observed. In general, many of the blood parameters measured were of limited value in profiling the extent of stress in broiler chickens. Blood gas and hematological values varied primarily by age and season, with no consistent trends due to preslaughter treatments. As expected, Rt, plasma uric acid, and glucose levels were higher in the summer than fall. Crating caused the highest Rt in parallel with weight density. Plasma CK activity was higher in the fall and increased with crating and transportation. Overall, physiological responses to preslaughter treatments increased with age, largely due to increasing body mass. Transportation was more stressful in young broilers (i.e., <42 d of age), whereas crating appeared to be a major stressor in older birds (>49 d of age). Under the conditions of this study, alterations in most physiological parameters due to catching, crating, and transportation were moderate and may be considered a normal stress response in broiler chickens.
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    Sodium zeolite a: Influence on broiler carcass yields and tibia characteristics
    (1995) Yalcin S.F.; Bilgili S.F.; McDaniel G.R.
    This study considered the effect of dietary sodium zeolite A (SZA) on processing yields and tibia characteristics of male and female broilers divergently selected over three generations for high and low incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). Genetic lines included high and low incidence of TD and an unselected control line. Birds (ten replicate pens/line; thirty-five birds/pen) were fed either a standard diet or SZA-supplemented diet at levels of 0.25% and 0.50% from 1-21, 22-50, and 51-56 days of age, respectively.After the study, the high TD line had significantly (P <.01) higher body weight, chilled carcass weight, and carcass part weights than the low TD line. However, the yields (% of live weight) of carcass, thighs, and deboned breast did not differ (P>.05) among the lines. The SZA effect was significant (P <.05) for the yield of Pectoralis minor. Significant (P <.05) interaction between diet and sex indicated improvement only in yields of male broilers fed supplemented SZA. Inclusion of SZA in broiler diets resulted in an increased percent tibia ash (P <.05), but did not affect the incidence or severity of TD. © 1995 Applied Poultry Science, Inc.