Yazar "Bilen, E." seçeneğine göre listele

Listeleniyor 1 - 3 / 3
  • Küçük Resim Yok
    Öğe
    Economic Performance of Pre-Crops in a Three-Year Rotation Program for Organic Vegetable Production
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2012) Bilen, E.; Nazik, C. A.; Unal, M.; Bteich, M. R.; Al Bitar, L.; Aksoy, U.; Mourao, I; Aksoy, U
    A four year experiment is being carried out, at Ege University Department of Horticulture, in which three different pre-crops are tested under an organic management system as compared to fallow. The aim of the experiment is to identify the most suitable rotation program for organic vegetable production in Turkey. Vicia sativa (common vetch), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Vicia faba 'Sevilla' (faba bean) and fallow are tested as preceding (winter) crops. During the experiment carried out between 2007 and 2009, the main crops were tomato (2007), zucchini (2008) and pepper (2009). Broccoli represented the farmers' choice as a winter vegetable. Vetch (incorporated) and faba bean (partially harvested and incorporated) were selected as legumes well adapted to the regional conditions. Soil fertility was maintained by incorporation of the crop residues at the end of both cycles and addition of organic-certified commercial compost (Bioaktif) and compost tea during the main cycle. All the management, including disease and pest management, was carried out according to the organic regulations valid in Turkey and the EU. During the production seasons, all variable costs and revenue, during both the pre-crop and main crop cycles, were recorded and gross margin calculated for each treatment. Economic analysis showed that broccoli as a pre-crop required the highest variable costs followed by faba bean, vetch and fallow, in all three years. Total revenue was the highest in plots where broccoli was the pre-crop. It is followed by faba bean plots mostly because higher yields were obtained in main crop plots following faba bean. The least profitable was fallow - main crop rotation. Broccoli plants also have some extra benefits like adding a high amount of biomass to soil and suppressing weed growth due to shading and allelopathic effects.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
    Öğe
    Performance of organic vegetable rotations under Mediterranean experimental and on-farm conditions
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2016) Bilen, E.; Ozsoy, N.; Bayram, C. A. Nazik; Unal, M.; Aslan, B.; Kaya, S.; Duman, I.; Al Bitar, L.; Aksoy, U.; Bellon, S; Granatstein, D; Urban, L
    Vegetables are generally grown as intensive systems on small plots, and their economic significance is of utmost importance in the Mediterranean countries. Even if organic management became widespread around the Mediterranean basin starting in the 1980s, long-term rotations based mainly on vegetables are quite rare. The performance of organic farming systems relies on economic, technical and ecological outputs. A four-year experiment was carried out between 2006 and 2010 at the Ege University experimental site (Izmir/Turkey), in cooperation with the CIHEAM Mediterranean Institute of Bari. Recommended practices were tested in commercial farming conditions during the fifth year. The four-year rotation program was designed as follows: in winter months, experimental plots had broccoli, broad bean, vetch or fallow (natural vegetation), followed by a main crop that changed yearly in the following order: tomato, zucchini, pepper and eggplant. Broccoli represented the farmer's choice as a winter vegetable and vetch and broad bean as green manure. Additionally, organic-certified commercial compost was added during the summer cycles as a standard amendment. The effect of pre-crops and main crops on soil organic matter, primary nutrients, weed abundance and yield, were assessed for each main crop cycle. Soil N, P and K contents of the experimental plot were kept at rich or sufficient levels for four years, and yields obtained for the summer vegetables were within the regional averages. Based on the economic and technical outputs, best practices, identified as vetch or broccoli + zucchini and vetch or broccoli + tomato, were tested under farm conditions. This paper summarizes the major results on soil fertility and yield and quality of tested crops obtained under experimental and onfarm conditions. Based on five-year results, broccoli and vetch are recommended as the two successful pre-crops for winter where summer vegetables are the main crops.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
    Öğe
    Selections for Resistance against Fire Blight in Young F-1 Hybrid Pear Seedlings in Turkey
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2014) Evrenosoglu, Y.; Baykul, A.; Misirli, A.; Acarsoy, N.; Aysan, Y.; Horuz, S.; Saygili, H.; Boztepe, O.; Bilen, E.; Yazici, I.; Rezzonico, F; Smits, THM; Holliger, E
    Fire blight, caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of pear, with few effective disease management strategies. Therefore, it is very important to strive towards the selection of new resistant cultivars to fire blight. With this purpose, different crosses have been made between resistant cultivar 'Magness' and other resistant or susceptible cultivars and cultigens ('Akca', 'Ankara', 'Bursa', 'Conference', 'Guz', 'Kaiser Alexandre', 'Kieffer', 'Moonglow', 'Tas'). The susceptibility levels of the resulting hybrids were determined by artificial inoculations by Erwinia amylovora in greenhouse conditions. In pathogenicity tests, 10(8) CFU/ml populations of seven E. amylovora strains, isolated from different cities in Turkey, were used to infect the shoots of hybrid plants. Eight weeks after inoculations, the percentage of the necrotic lesion to the total length of the shoot was calculated for each shoot. The experiments were performed twice in August 2010 and May 2011. The average of two experiments was used to calculate the percentage disease severity. Susceptibility was scored by binning the percentage into five distinct classes of increasing susceptibility (A to E). Among 1242 young F-1 hybrid seedlings inoculated, 31.64% of them showed "very low susceptibility" (A), 8.62% displayed "low susceptibility" (B), 18.60% were "moderate susceptibility" (C), 30.27% were "high susceptibility" (D), 10.87% showed "very high susceptibility" (E), and 85 of hybrids were completely destroyed by the pathogen. The 393 "very low susceptibility" and 107 "low susceptibility" F1 hybrids were planted in Eskisehir, in Central Turkey, for screening for agronomical and pomological characteristics.