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    Descriptive Capability of Datasets as Proxy of Sea Water Temperature in Coastal Systems: An Evaluation from the Aegean Sea
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2021) Bengil, Fethi; Mavruk, Sinan; Kizilkaya, Zafer; Bengil, Elizabeth G. T.; Alan, Vahit; Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney
    Scientific and technological progresses have introduced diverse data sources for seawater temperature over broad temporal and spatial ranges. Here, we investigated the performance of satellite and model-based seawater temperature data for different temporal composites and depths. We applied an in-situ temperature time-series obtained in a coastal bottom in the Aegean Sea over three years, as the reference. Both datasets showed largely significant relationships based on cross-correlation analyses and presented descriptive properties of the in-situ conditions at corresponding depths. Based on the results of analyses, the modeling datasets presented more reliable results and representations of in-situ conditions than the datasets obtained from satellite for the coastal region. However, the datasets obtained from the satellite also provided reliable data for all time frames investigated, particularly in the mixed surface layer. Monthly datasets were more effective in providing descriptive values in long term studies. This is the first detailed study to explore the descriptive capacities of modeling for water temperature in coastal environments. According to the results, the selection of a dataset as a proxy for seawater temperature requires careful consideration. The present study provides an extensive baseline for evaluating the suitability of the application of specific datasets as proxies in coastal ecosystems.
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    Facilitating foundation species: the potential for plant-bivalve interactions to improve habitat restoration success
    (Wiley, 2020) Gagnon, Karine; Rinde, E.; Bengil, Elizabeth G. T.; Carugati, Laura; Christianen, Marjolijn J. A.; Danovaro, Roberto; Bostrom, Christoffer
    Vegetated marine and freshwater habitats are being increasingly lost around the world. Habitat restoration is a critical step for conserving these valuable habitats, but new approaches are needed to increase restoration success and ensure their survival. We investigated interactions between plants and bivalves through a review and analysis of 491 studies, determined the effects, mechanisms and key environmental variables involved in and driving positive and negative interactions, and produced guidelines for integrating positive interactions into restoration efforts in different habitats. Fifty per cent of all interactions (both correlative and experimental studies) were positive. These were predominant between epifaunal bivalves and plants in all habitats, and between infaunal bivalves and plants in subtidal habitats. Plants primarily promoted bivalve survival and abundance by providing substrate and shelter, while bivalves promoted plant growth and survival by stabilizing and fertilizing the sediment, and reducing water turbidity. the prevalence of positive interactions increased with water temperature in subtidal habitats, but decreased with water temperature in intertidal habitats. the subset of studies conducted in a restoration context also showed mostly positive interactions. Twenty-five per cent of all interactions were negative, and these were predominant between plants and infaunal bivalves in intertidal habitats, except sulphide-metabolizing bivalves, which facilitated plant survival. Interactions involving non-native species were also mostly negative. Synthesis and applications. Promoting facilitative interactions through plant-bivalve co-restoration can increase restoration success. the prevalence of positive interactions depends on habitat and environmental conditions such as temperature, and was especially important in subtidal habitats (involving both infaunal and epifaunal bivalves) and in intertidal habitats (involving only epifaunal bivalves). Thus sites and species for co-restoration must be carefully chosen to maximize the chances of success. If done properly, co-restoration could increase initial survival, persistence and resilience of foundation species, and promote the recovery of associated biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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    Feeding ecology and reproduction biology of Glaucostegus cemiculus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) from the eastern Aegean Sea
    (Elsevier, 2020) Bengil, Elizabeth G. T.; Bengil, Fethi; Ozaydin, Okan
    Though guitarfish are common bycatch and have an economical value in the Mediterranean Sea, there is still limited knowledge on blackchin guitarfishs, Glaucostegus cemiculus, their presence or any biological feature, with specific regard to those that inhabit the eastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey. To explore this information gap, bio-ecological features, which are investigated in terms of stomach contents and reproduction, were examined from individuals obtained from Izmir Bay. A total of 122 individuals caught as by-catch were collected monthly between: July 2015-June 2016. Crustaceans were found to be the main prey item in their diets. Maturity stages were mainly immature, with the exception of two individuals: an immature 2-developing female and mature 3b-active male. Knowledge retrieved from present studies on bio-ecological features contributes to closing the current information gap on endangered blackchin guitarfish in the eastern Aegean Sea. Such studies also provide a platform for essential discussion on the various ways in which effective r monitoring strategies for the species could be implemented and managed; particularly in the Turkish coast of the eastern Mediterranean. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Feeding Ecology of Four Demersal Shark Species (Etmopterus spinax, Galeus melastomus, Scyliorhinus canicula and Squalus blainville) from the Eastern Aegean Sea
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Bengil, Fethi; Bengil, Elizabeth G. T.; Mavruk, Sinan; Heral, Ogulcan; Karaman, Ozan D.; Ozaydin, Okan
    In this study, the diet composition and trophic ecology of four demersal chondrichthyan species; Etmopterus spinax, Galeus melastomus, Scyliorhinus canicula and Squalus blainville were studied in the eastern Aegean Sea. In the stomachs of the samples which mostly consisted of juvenile individuals, a total of 97 prey taxa were identified. Teleost fishes were the most important prey group. The diversity of stomach content ranged between 15 species in E. spinax. and 70 species in S. canicula. The dietary breadth of G. melastomus and S. canicula were found to be narrower than the other two species examined. In addition, high niche overlap scores were detected amongst the species. All of the examined species had trophic levels higher than 4; with the highest trophic level being 4.20 and belonging to E. spinax. Comparisons among calculated trophic levels by global methods and a regional weighted method, which is proposed in this study, showed that the regional method offers remarkable advantages that can be used to reduce the uncertainty of the estimations.