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Öğe Alternative natural deliming agents(International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IULTCS), 2011) Bayramoglu E.E.; Bayram S.E.This study elucidates whether the herbal extracts can be used instead of various chemical substances used in the process of deliming. To that end, the extracts of christ's thorn seed (Paliurus spinachristi), red radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula) and black radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger) were employed in the deliming process. Calcium content of the leathers has been identified with Perkin Elmer Optima 2100 DV ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry). As a result of the controls carried out, it was concluded that red radish and especially black radish extract have a considerable deliming effect. SEM images of the grain surface are also shown in this paper.Öğe Analysis of release of free formaldehyde originated from thp salt tannages in leather by high performance liquid chromatography: Origanum onites essential oil as free formaldehyde scavenger(2013) Bayramoglu E.E.; Yorgancioglu A.; Onem E.This study was about the release of free formaldehyde from tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium (THP) salts and various syntan leather products, and the antioxidative blocking defense mechanisms of various essential oils. For that purpose, Citrus reticulata L., Melaleuca alternifolia, Origanum onites and Thymus vulgaris essential oils of 2% were used during fatliquoring. Formaldehyde analyses in finished leathers were performed according to TS EN ISO 17226-1 international standard by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) test method. To make a comparison on the analyses, some leather samples as a control group were processed without any essential oil. The results were evaluated statistically by using One-Way ANOVA and Duncan tests with the SPSS 15 statistic program. The results showed that Origanum onites essential oil used in fatliquoring process was significantly determined to eliminate the release of free formaldehyde in leather.Öğe E-commerce entrepreneurship and e-marketing in leather industry(Deri Teknologlari, Teknisyenleri ve Kimyacilari Dernegi, 2013) Yamamoto G.T.; Bayramoglu E.E.; Yilmaz B.; Şekero?lu Ö.This study tries to outline the benefits that can be provided by modern information technologies through the employment of electronic commerce methods to accelerate the development of Turkish Leather industry from the perspective of complying with the developing information society mainly for the development of marketing strategies and to bring the industry to the place it deserves in the overall world. The study further considers drawing an e-marketing road map in future plans.Leather industry is influenced by the economic crisis in the world as much as and even more than other industries as it is a labor-intensive industry which produces high value added products by using bovine and ovine hide and skin as the raw material input. Consequently, the leather industry reached another milestone together with the latest crisis that affected the entire world. Especially the countries that experience the distress of being depended to a single market such as Turkey endeavor for opening to more dynamic markets and also for increasing their production and promotion activities in the targeted markets. They have begun to attach more importance to branding and promotion issues. It is a fact that the efforts realized in this regard are mostly towards catching up with innovations and cutting edge technologies and in this context, e-commerce entrepreneurship is dwelled upon.The issues such as the transformation of the leather businesses to automation during the production process, and migration of certain company and product promotions to internet via computers also pave the way for e-commerce ventures. Besides, leather industry cannot be considered as isolated from the development of the information technologies industry which rapidly continues its growth. Moreover, as e-commerce gradually evolves into a more influential form both for domestic and global markets from the outlook of both supply and sales, one would clearly understand that the leather industry should very urgently take actions in this regard.Öğe The effect of different paraffin emulsions on the thermal stability of collagen(CSIR-CLRI, 2017) Yorgancioglu A.; Bayramoglu E.E.Paraffin emulsions are an important lubricating agent in meeting needs for present-day leather properties. The fatliquoring process with paraffins penetrates deeply between fiber bundles and bonds physically or chemically with the reactive groups of collagen. In our study, paraffin emulsions containing ZnO nanoparticles were used to develop the stability of modified collagen. Zinc oxide paraffin emulsions were applied to the leather in the fatliquoring process. Shrinkage temperatures of leathers (Ts) were determined with a special test apparatus according to the IUP 16 standard method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements carried out on the fatliquored leather at a constant heating rate were used to determine denaturation temperatures (Td) and melting temperatures (Tm) of the fatliquored leather. The results of the research show that the thermal stability of leathers was improved remarkably by fatliquoring with all paraffin emulsions.Öğe Elimination of free formaldehyde in leather by Vinca Rosea and Camellia Sinensis extracts(2008) Bayramoglu E.E.; Korgan A.; Kalender D.; Gülümser G.; Okcu B.; Kilic E.Even though modern technologies are applied, many chemicals that are hazardous to the environment and human health are used during the leather processing. Formaldehyde is one of the chemicals known to exhibit carcinogenicity. In this research, elimination of free formaldehyde in leather by the application Vinca rosea and Camellia sinensis extracts was investigated. Formaldehyde was quantified with two methods; Draft IUC 19 (HPLC) method and AATCC test method 112. When measured by each method Camellia sinensis extract provided the lowest formaldehyde content in leathers.Öğe Extraction of keratin from unhairing wastes of goatskin and creating new emulsion formulation containing keratin and calendula flower (Calendula offlclnalis L.)(2014) Bayramoglu E.E.; Yorgancioglu A.; Yeldiyar G.; Onem E.This study demonstrates the use of keratin extracted from unhairing wastes of goatskin for cosmetics. Keratin has been purified from unhairing wastes of goatskin according to the oxidation method for producing emulsions. The experimental process to prepare the emulsions includes Oil/Water (O/W) emulsion method with keratin and Calendula officinalis flower extract (Calendula officinalis L.). Four emulsion creams with different ratios of keratin and calendula ingredients were formulated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the keratin purified and pH, viscosity and average particle size analyses of the emulsions prepared have been carried out. The results of the study have shown that keratin obtained from unhairing wastes of leather industry could be smoothly used in producing emulsion formulations with calendula flower ingredient.Öğe How Raman spectroscopy can be used to examine the structural changes caused by certain Penicillium species on chrome-tanned leather(2011) Bayramoglu E.E.; Maltaş D.C.Raman spectroscopy was used to elucidate structural changes of wet blue sheep leather due to the growth of fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium. After chrome tanning while leathers are still wet, they are prone to be affected by Penicillium, resulting in degradation of leather structure. In this study, different fungi species -Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium commune, Penicillium echinilatum, Penicillium brevicompactum and Penicillium chrysogenum- were inoculated on wet blues and let grown for 14 months. After 14 months, changes on wet blue structure were investigated with Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that chrome-tanned sheep leathers are affected to different degrees by various fungi from the Penicillium.Öğe Oil tannage for chamois leather(CRC Press, 2014) Bayramoglu E.E.; Erkal S.The chamois are tanned by traditional methods using unsaturated oil such as cod liver oil to give a soft and natural feel to the product. Typically chamois leather is used to dry off surfaces after washing; this is due to the absorbency of the leather (Bayramoglu 2006). In addition, grime particles are drawn away from the surface being cleaned. The particles are held within the hollow fibre of the leather, eliminating abrasion. Other uses of oil tanned leathers are for glove-making and for filtering water from petrol, etc. Chamois leather has a characteristic yellow colour and because of this reason it is not necessary to dye it. It is an example of a leathering type of process because, although it resists microbial attack, the shrinkage temperature is not raised significantly above the value of raw pelt. In essence, the process involves filling wet pelt with unsaturated oil, then polymerising the oil in situ by oxidation (Covington 2009). © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe Possibility of using sigla tree (liquidambar orientalis mill. var orientalis) storax as bactericide in the soaking float(2010) Bayramoglu E.E.An increasing amount of research work has been directed to limiting the use of synthetic biocides for preventing microorganism formation on finished leather, and the develop of more suitable substitute products. Much of this work has been directed towards the protective effects of natural bioactive materials.1,2,3,4 The know antibacterial impact of storax against a variety of bacteria has now put this technology on the leather industry research agenda. In the present study, Sigla (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.var orientalis) storax was investigated for antibacterial activity during the soaking float. In this investigation, 1%, 2%, 5% of storax and 1% essential oil of Origanum onites mixed with the storax were tested for their antimicrobial activity in parallel with 50 % organosulfur compound as commercial bactericides commonly used in the leather industry. The results showed that storax has an antibacterial effect in soaking with increasing concentrating rates and when it is mixed with the oil of oregano, the bactericidal activity was increased. It was found that Sigla Storax contains 1.39% essential oils and styrene accounts for 96.55% of this oil. These findings suggested Sigla storax and oregano essential oil has synergic effect and the mixture of Sigla storax and oregano essential oil could be used as bactericidal agents in leather industry.Öğe Preparation of antibacterial fatliquoring agents containing zinc oxide nanoparticles for leather industry(American Leather Chemists Association, 2019) Yorgancioglu A.; Bayramoglu E.E.; Renner M.In this study, zinc oxide nano-particles known to have antibacterial properties were emulsified with different chain length paraffins to be used as fatliquoring agents. The research was carried out on chrome tanned upholstery leathers. Different proportions of nano zinc oxide were studied in the paraffin emulsions. The prepared emulsions were investigated underneath a Keyence VHX-1000 digital microscope. The average particle size of the emulsions was measured. After the emulsification process, the leathers were finished in accordance with the industrial upholstery recipe. The emulsions were applied to leather in the fatliquoring process. Antibacterial activities of the finished leather were evaluated according to ASTM Standard F. 2149- 01, and the results showed significant bacterial reduction on the treated leathers. The impacts of the fatliquoring agents utilized in the research on light fastness were also inspected by using an ATLAS- XENOTEST ALPHA+ test instrument. Light fastness values of treated leathers indicated that nano zinc oxide particles provided the U V absorbing property on the collagen fibers. © 2019 American Leather Chemists Association. All rights reserved.Öğe Production of Calendula flower (Calendula officinalis L. ) and keratin containing cream from leather industry wastes(International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IULTCS), 2011) Bayramoglu E.E.; Yorgancioglu A.; Yeldigar G.; Onem E.This study elaborates the use of keratin extracted from wastes at the end of unhairing process in the leather industry. Keratin is purified according to an oxidation method for producing cream. The experimental process to prepare the cream includes O/W emulsion method with keratin and Calendula officinalis flower extract (Calendula officinalis L. ). The results of the study have shown that keratin obtained from unhairing wastes of leather industry can be used in producing a cream with calendula flower ingredient. As a result, the usability of keratin, which is obtained from unhairing wastes of the leather industry in the production of calendula flower -containing cream has been inspected.
