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    Normative Data for Quantitative Calcaneal Ultrasonometry in Turkish Children Aged 6 to 14 Years Relationship of the Stiffness Index With Age, Pubertal Stage, Physical Characteristics, and Lifestyle
    (Amer Inst Ultrasound Medicine, 2013) Yesil, Pinar; Durmaz, Berrin; Atamaz, Funda C.
    Objectives-Quantitative ultrasonometry is commonly used to assess bone health. The aim of this study was to define normative data for the stiffness index of the calcaneus in healthy Turkish children. Methods-Quantitative ultrasonometric measurements of the calcaneus were obtained in 1617 healthy schoolchildren (811 boys and 806 girls) aged 6 to 14 years. Results-The stiffness index increased by 19.3% and 12% in boys and girls, respectively. The greatest increases were seen in the age groups of 12 to 13 and 13 to 14 years in boys (3.9%) and 11 to 12 and 12 to 13 years in girls (4.1%). There was a significant increase in stiffness index values among all Tanner stages except stage 4 (P<.05). Although the stiffness index was related to age, weight, and height, no correlation was seen between the stiffness index and calcium intake or physical activity. Conclusions-This study provides stiffness index data by age group and Tanner stage that may be useful for assessment of the bone status of Turkish children and can serve as comparative data for other patient groups.
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    Phagocytic and Oxidative Burst Activity of Neutrophils in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
    (W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2013) Kanyilmaz, Selcen; Hepguler, Simin; Atamaz, Funda C.; Gokmen, Nihal M.; Ardeniz, Omur; Sin, Aytul
    Objective: To evaluate phagocytic activity and neutrophil oxidative burst functions in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) because alterations in neutrophil metabolic activity can be one of the causes of immune mechanism damage contributing to repeated bacterial infections. Design: A controlled and cross-sectional study. Setting: Departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation and immunology. Participants: Patients with SCI (N=34) and 28 healthy controls. Interventions: Phagocytosis and oxidative burst in whole-blood neutrophils were assessed by flow cytometry. The percentage of phagocytizing cells after in vitro incubation with Escherichia coli, phagocytic activity (mean intensity of fluorescence [MW]) and the percentage of neutrophiloxidative burst, and the MW value of the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) were analyzed. In addition, clinical assessment including the level of injury, American Spinal Injury Association scores, and functional status were carried out. Main Outcome Measures: Not applicable. Results: Although the percentage of E. coli phagocytizing neutrophils was not different between groups, the MW value of absorbed E. coli was significantly lower in patients with SCI than in controls (P<.05). The MW value of ROT production by neutrophils with both stimulator of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and E. coli was significantly higher in patients with SCI (P<.05). Conclusions: In patients with SCI, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils may be a result of a regulatory mechanism to minimize the deleterious effects of increased neutrophil burst activity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013;94:369-74 (C) 2013 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
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    Phagocytic and Oxidative Burst Activity of Neutrophils in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
    (W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2013) Kanyilmaz, Selcen; Hepguler, Simin; Atamaz, Funda C.; Gokmen, Nihal M.; Ardeniz, Omur; Sin, Aytul
    Objective: To evaluate phagocytic activity and neutrophil oxidative burst functions in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) because alterations in neutrophil metabolic activity can be one of the causes of immune mechanism damage contributing to repeated bacterial infections. Design: A controlled and cross-sectional study. Setting: Departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation and immunology. Participants: Patients with SCI (N=34) and 28 healthy controls. Interventions: Phagocytosis and oxidative burst in whole-blood neutrophils were assessed by flow cytometry. The percentage of phagocytizing cells after in vitro incubation with Escherichia coli, phagocytic activity (mean intensity of fluorescence [MW]) and the percentage of neutrophiloxidative burst, and the MW value of the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) were analyzed. In addition, clinical assessment including the level of injury, American Spinal Injury Association scores, and functional status were carried out. Main Outcome Measures: Not applicable. Results: Although the percentage of E. coli phagocytizing neutrophils was not different between groups, the MW value of absorbed E. coli was significantly lower in patients with SCI than in controls (P<.05). The MW value of ROT production by neutrophils with both stimulator of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and E. coli was significantly higher in patients with SCI (P<.05). Conclusions: In patients with SCI, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils may be a result of a regulatory mechanism to minimize the deleterious effects of increased neutrophil burst activity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013;94:369-74 (C) 2013 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine