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Öğe Are Soap, Paper Towel and Alcohol-based Disinfectants Easily Accessible in Intensive Care Units in Turkey?: Results of the Phokai Study(Galenos Yayincilik, 2018) Uyan, Ayse; Durmus, Gul; Sezak, Nurbanu; Ozdemir, Burcu; Kaygusuz, Turkkan; Oztoprak, Nefise; Ozdemir, Keyser; Aksoy, Firdevs; Ozgultekin, Asu; Koc, Meliha Meric; Oncul, Ahsen; Cagan Aktas, Sabahat; Isik, Burcu; Celebi, Giiven; Evik, Guliiz; Ozger, Selcuk; Harman, Rezan; Dindar Demiray, Emine Kubra; Ozkoren Calik, Sebnem; Alkan Ceviker, Sevil; Yildiz, Ilknur Esen; Isik, Mehmet Emirhan; Senol, Gunes; Sari, Sema; Dogan, Mustafa; Ugurlu, Kenan; Arslan, Mustafa; Akgul, Fethiye; Koc, Filiz; Kurekci, Yeim; Caglayan, Derya; Ucar, Mehmet; Gozukucuk, Ramazan; Elmaslar Mert, Habibe Tulin; Alay, Handan; Erdogan, Haluk; Demirel, Aslihan; Dogan, Nilgun; Kocak, Funda; Guven, Emre; Unsal, Guieser; Sipahi, Hilal; Yamazhan, Tansu; Arda, Bilgin; Ulusoy, Sercan; Sipahi, Oguz ResatIntroduction: Hand hygiene is one of the most effective infection control measures to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). Water, soap, paper towel and hand disinfectant must be available and adequate in terms of effective hand hygiene. The adequacy of hand hygiene products or keeping water-soap and paper towel is still a problem for many developing countries like Turkey. In this multicenter study, we analyzed the adequacy in number and availability of hand hygiene products. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in all intensive care units (ICUs) of 41 hospitals (27 tertiary-care educational, 10 state and four private hospitals) from 22 cities located in seven geographical regions of Turkey. We analyzed water, soap, paper towel and alcohol-based hand disinfectant adequacy on four different days, two of which were in summer during the vacation time (August, 27th and 31st 2016) and two in autumn (October, 12th and 15th 2016). Results: The total number of ICUs and intensive care beds in 41 participating centers were 214 and 2357, respectively. Overall, there was no soap in 3-11% of sinks and no paper towel in 10-18% of sinks while there was no alcohol-based hand disinfectant in 1-4.7% of hand disinfectant units on the observation days. When we compared the number of sinks with soap and/or paper towel on weekdays vs. weekends, there was no significant difference in summer. However, on autumn weekdays, the number of sinks with soap and paper towel was significantly lower on weekend days (p<0.0001, p<0.0001) while the number of hand disinfectant units with alcohol-based disinfectant was significantly higher (p<0.0001). Conclusion: There should be adequate and accessible hand hygiene materials for effective hand hygiene. In this study, we found that soap and paper towels were inadequate on the observation days in 3-11% and 10-18% of units, respectively. Attention should be paid on soap and paper towel supply at weekends as well.Öğe Biomimetic-electrochemical-sensory-platform for biomolecule free cocaine testing(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Sengel, Tulay Yilmaz; Guler, Emine; Arslan, Mustafa; Gumus, Z. Pinar; Sanli, Serdar; Aldemir, Ebru; Akbulut, Huseyin; Demirkol, Dilek Odaci; Coskunol, Hakan; Timur, Suna; Yagci, YusufA biomimetic cocaine sensor was fabricated by using poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) with cyclodextrin (CD) units in the backbone and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains (PPP-CD-g-PEG). The sensory platform was constructed by one step surface modification of glassy carbon electrode with PPP-CD-g-PEG by drop coating. The electrochemical measurements are based on the formation of CD-cocaine inclusion complex on the surface resulting in a significant decrease in electron transfer capacity of the selected redox probe. The changes in the surface features due to cocaine binding were explored via electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry. The sensor exhibited linearity in the range of 25-200 nM cocaine, LOD was calculated as 28.62 nM (n = 5) according to 3Sb/m formula. Finally, the sensory platform was successfully applied for the cocaine analysis in synthetic urine samples and correlated with the chromatographic method.Öğe "Biomimetic-electrochemical-sensory-platform" for biomolecule free cocaine testing(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Sengel, Tulay Yilmaz; Guler, Emine; Arslan, Mustafa; Gumus, Z. Pinar; Sanli, Serdar; Aldemir, Ebru; Yagci, YusufA biomimetic cocaine sensor was fabricated by using poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) with cyclodextrin (CD) units in the backbone and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains (PPP-CD-g-PEG). The sensory platform was constructed by one step surface modification of glassy carbon electrode with PPP-CD-g-PEG by drop coating. The electrochemical measurements are based on the formation of CD-cocaine inclusion complex on the surface resulting in a significant decrease in electron transfer capacity of the selected redox probe. The changes in the surface features due to cocaine binding were explored via electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry. The sensor exhibited linearity in the range of 25-200 nM cocaine, LOD was calculated as 28.62 nM (n = 5) according to 3Sb/m formula. Finally, the sensory platform was successfully applied for the cocaine analysis in synthetic urine samples and correlated with the chromatographic method.Öğe Double fluorescence assay via a beta-cyclodextrin containing conjugated polymer as a biomimetic material for cocaine sensing(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2017) Arslan, Mustafa; Sengel, Tulay Yilmaz; Guler, Emine; Gumus, Z. Pinar; Aldemir, Ebru; Akbulut, Huseyin; Coskunol, Hakan; Timur, Suna; Yagci, YusufA double fluorescence mu-well assay that exploits a novel conjugated polymer containing cyclodextrin (CD) as the key component is reported. For the construction of the cocaine bioassay, poly(p-phenylene) with CD units in the main-chain and poly(ethylene glycol) side chains (PPP-CD-g-PEG) was first prepared by Suzuki coupling polymerization and coated on each well as a biomimetic material. Although the poly-phenylene backbone is responsible for the fluorescence properties without an additional fluorophore, PEG and CD provide water solubility and selective complexation with cocaine, respectively. A cocaine antibody was used as a secondary recognition compound after labelling with quantum dots (QDs). Most notably, we show that the two-color fluorescence nature of the assay facilitates double measurement from the same sample and the described strategy can be adapted to various sensing systems.Öğe Is Nurse Workforce Sufficient in Intensive Care Units in Turkey. Results of the Multicenter Karia Study(Galenos Yayincilik, 2017) Uyan, Ayse; Durmus, Gul; Sezak, Nurbanu; Pepe, Fatmanur; Kaygusuz, Turkkan; Oztoprak, Nefise; Ozdemir, Kevser; Aksoy, Firdevs; Erol, Serpil; Koc, Meliha Meric; Oncul, Ahsen; Cagan Aktas, Sabahat; Caskurlu, Hulya; Celebi, Guven; Kandemir, Ozlem; Ozger, Selcuk; Harman, Rezan; Demiray, Kubra; Ari, Alpay; Alkan Ceviker, Sevil; Esen Yildiz, Ilknur; Menekse, Sirin; Senol, Gunes; Sari, Sema; Dogan, Mustafa; Ugurlu, Kenan; Arslan, Mustafa; Akdemir, Irem; Firat, Pinar; Kurekci, Yesim; Caglayan, Derya; Ucar, Mehmet; Gozukucuk, Ramazan; Elmaslar Mert, Habibe Tulin; Alay, Handan; Erdogan, Haluk; Demirel, Aslihan; Dogan, Nilgun; Kocak, Funda; Guven, Emre; Unsal, Guleser; Sipahi, Hilal; Isikgoz Tasbakan, Meltem; Arda, Bilgin; Ulusoy, Sercan; Sipahi, Oguz ResatIntroduction: In this multicenter study, we analysed the magnitude of healthcare worker (HCW) [infection control practitioner (ICP), nurses and others] workforce in hospitals participated in the study. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 41 hospitals (with intensive care units-ICU) located in 22 cities from seven regions of Turkey. We analysed the ICP workforce, nursing and auxiliary HCW (AHCW) workforce in ICUs, number of ICU beds and occupied beds in four different days [two of which were in summer during the vacation time (August 27 and 31, 2016) and two others in autumn (October 12 and 15, 2016)]. The Turkish Ministry of Health (TMOH) requires two patients per nurse in level 3 ICUs, three patients per nurse in level 2 ICUs and five patients per nurse in level 1 ICUs. There is no standardization for the number of AHCW in ICUs. Finally, one ICP per 150 hospital beds is required by TMOH. Results: The total number of ICUs, ICU beds and ICPs were 214, 2377 and 111, respectively in he 41 participated centers. The number ICPs was adequate only in 12 hospitals. The percentage of nurses whose working experience was <1 year, was; 19% in level 1 ICUs, 25% in level 2 ICUs and 24% in level 3 ICUs. The number of patients per nurse was mostly <5 in level 1 ICUs whereas the number of patients per nurse in level 3 ICUs was generally >2. The number of patients per other HCW was minimum 3.75 and maximum 4.89 on weekdays and on day shift while it was minimum 5.02 and maximum 7.7 on weekends or on night shift. When we compared the number of level 1, 2 and 3 ICUs with adequate nursing workforce vs inadequate nursing workforce, the p value was <0.0001 at all time points except summer weekend night shift (p=0.002). Conclusion: Our data suggest that ICP workforce is inadequate in Turkey. Besides, HCW workforce is inadequate and almost 1/4 of nurses are relatively inexperienced especially in level 3 ICUs. Turkish healthcare system should promptly make necessary arrangements for adequate HCW staffing.Öğe Köroğlu Destanı'nın Türkmen versiyonu üzerinde mukayeseli bir inceleme(Ege Üniversitesi, 1997) Arslan, Mustafa; Türkmen, FikretÖZET "Köroğlu Destanı'nın Türkmen Versiyonu Üzerinde Mukayeseli Bir İnceleme" adlı çalışmada, Türkmen Köroğlu anlatmaları, Anadolu'daki Köroğlu anlatmaları ve Türk dünyasının diğer ortak kültür ürünleriyle mukayese edilerek incelenmiştir. Köroğlu anlatmalarının menşei ve türü ile ilgili, araştıncılarca farklı görüşler ileri sürülmüş olmakla birlikte, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ve tespitler, Köroğlu' nun bey soyundan geldiğini; destanın da, ilk defa Orta Asya'da oluşmaya başladığını göstermektedir. Köroğlu Destanı'nın Türkmen versiyonu, araştıncılarca Doğu versiyonları içine dahil edilmektedir. Fakat, Türkmen anlatmalarının pek çok mitolojik ve epik unsurlar ihtiva etmesi, şiirlerle epizotlardaki olaylar arasında daha sağlam bir bağın olması ve bütün versiyonlarda Köroğlu' nun bir Türkmen olarak tavsif edilmesi, bu anlatman, Doğu ve Batı versiyonlan arasında çok önemli ve merkezî bir konuma getirmektedir. Türkmen "Göroğlu" anlatmalanmn, Anadolu'daki Köroğlu anlatmalan ve Türk dünyasının diğer ortak kültür ürünleriyle mukayesesi, her iki sahada ortak ve benzer unsurların yanısıra, farklı unsurların bulunduğunu da göstermektedir. Aynca, Türkmen anlatmalanndaki şiirler, Anadolu anlatmalanndaki şiirlere göre. daha eski ve epizotlardaki olaylarla daha sağlam bir organik bağa sahiptir. Yapılan çalışma göstermektedir ki, Köroğlu Destanı'nın Türkmen anlatmalan, merkezî bir konuma sahip olduğu kadar, Türk dünyasının pek çok unsurunu da bünyesinde taşımaktadır. Destanın, Türkmen ve Anadolu versiyonlanndaki ortak noktalar, her iki versiyonun da, aynı gelenek ve kültür mirasından beslendiğini, Türkmenistan ve Anadolu sahalarındaki "âşık-bahşı" geleneğinin de aynı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Farklı olan unsurlar ise, destana ait epizotların mahallî kültürde yeni anlatmaların ortaya konulması ve yayılmasının nasıl gerçekleştiğini göstermesi bakımından önem taşımaktadırÖğe Mobile Phone Sensing of Cocaine in a Lateral Flow Assay Combined with a Biomimetic Material(Amer Chemical Soc, 2017) Guler, Emine; Sengel, Tulay Yilmaz; Gumus, Z. Pinar; Arslan, Mustafa; Coskunol, Hakan; Timur, Suna; Yagci, YusufLateral flow assays (LFAs) are an ideal choice for drug abuse testing favored by their practicability, portability, and rapidity. LFA based on site rapid screening devices provide positive/negative judgment in a short response time. The conventionally applied competitive assay format used for small molecule analysis such as abused drugs restricts the quantitation ability of LFA strips. We report herein, for the first time, a new strategy using the noncompetitive assay format via a biomimetic material, namely, poly(p-phenylene) beta-cyclodextrin poly(ethylene glycol) (PPP-CD-g-PEG) combined with gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugates as the labeling agent to recognize the target cocaine molecule in the test zone. The intensities of the visualized red color in the test line indicate that the cocaine concentrations were analyzed via a smartphone application. Significantly, a combination of this platform with a smartphone application provides quantitative data on the cocaine amount, making it a very inventive and attractive approach especially for on-site applications at critical points such as traffic stops and the workplace.
