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Öğe Age-dependent variations in the venom proteins of Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909 and Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ophidia: Viperidae)(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2014) Arikan, Huseyin; Gocmen, Bayram; Igci, Nasit; Akman, BahadirPolyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and densitometry analysis were used to analyze venom extracts of Vipera kaznakovi (16.5, 30, and 55 cm) and Vipera ammodytes (28.5, 36.7, and 51.5 cm) specimens of 3 different lengths. V. kaznakovi specimens were collected from Hopa (Artvin Province); 2 V. ammodytes specimens were from Agva (Istanbul Province) and the longest one was from Yuvacik (Kocaeli Province). The electropherograms of the venom protein samples showed age-dependent qualitative and quantitative variations.Öğe Analysis of morphological variations of three Adlerius (Diptera: Psychodidae) species collected in two cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic foci of Turkey(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2022) Kavur, Hakan; Arikan, Huseyin; Toz, Seray; Balcioglu, Ibrahim Cuneyt; Ozbel, YusufLeishmaniasis, transmitted to human by sand flies, is a neglected vector-borne diseases and has two clinical forms: cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Turkey. Subgenus of Adlerius are known as probable vectors of both forms of leishmaniasis in Turkey. Examined three species belonging to Adlerius are difficult to distinguish morphologically and have similar taxonomic characters. The aim of this study was to analyse and identify the possible morphological variations, of wild-caught sand fly specimens belonging to Adlerius subgenus. Six and seven morphological characters for female and male specimens were used, respectively. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) test were performed to determine the significant morphometric variables of the three species. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 13 morphometric variables via ANOVA, DFA and PCA showed that eight (six for females, two for males) morphometric variables had an accuracy of 100% for discriminating three Adlerius subgenus specimens. The analyses revealed significant differences on several morphological structures of Adlerius specimens. These results suggested that morphological and morphometrical features can be used to discriminate three Adlerius species, in which one of them is proven vector Leishmania (L.) tropica in two foci of Turkey.Öğe Blood cell morphology of Turkish gekkonid lizards(Osterreichische Gesellschaft Herpetologie E V, 2017) Uca, Onur; Arikan, Huseyin; Cicek, KerimSize parameters of peripheral blood cells (erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes) obtained from blood smears stained with Wright's stain are given for six species of Turkish gekkonid lizards: Asaccus barani TORKI, AHMADZADEH, ILGAZ, AVCI & KUMLUTAS, 2011, Mediodactylus heterocercus (13LANFoRD, 1874), Mediodactylus kotschyi (STEINDACHNER, 1870), Cyrtopodion scabrum (HEYDEN, 1827), Hemidactylus turcicus (LINNAEUS, 1758) and Stenodactylus grandiceps HAAS, 1952. The longest erythrocytes were found in S. grandiceps, the widest and largest in A. barani, the shortest in C. scabrum, the narrowest in M. kotschyi and the smallest in C. scabrum. The longest and biggest erythrocyte nuclei were measured in M. heterocercus, the shortest, narrowest and smallest in M kotschyi and the largest in A. barani. Regarding their length-to-width ratio, the most oblong erythrocytes were found in S. grandiceps, the most roundish in M. kotschyi. The value of the nucleocytoplasmic ratio was highest in C. scabrum and M heterocercus, and lowest in S. grandiceps. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio of the gekkonid erythrocytes was similar as in lacertids. Among the species studied, erythrocyte and nucleus morphology showed considerable variation, whereas, leukocyte morphology did not. Lymphocytes outnumbered the other leucocytes in all species. The nuclei of eosinophils and basophils were not distinct because of intense granulation of the cytoplasm. The thrombocytes were the shape of a flattened ellipsoid in all species.Öğe Caste and age-related changes in circulatory hemocytes of honey bee, Apis mellifera anatolica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yelkovan, Sedat; Arikan, Huseyin; Cakici, OzlemIn recent years, there has been a great concern about increased honey bee losses and this phenomenon has turned into a global issue. Therefore, immune system research on honey bees gained importance. Hemocytes are an important part of the immune system. But there is a limited study about hemocyte types of honey bees. From this point of view, a detailed study was performed on hemocyte types of honey bee Apis mellifera anatolica was described in larval (3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars), prepupal, pupal, and adult stages of all castes including worker, drone, and queen. According to light microscopic examinations, prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, adipohemocyte and oenocytoid were determined in all castes. Prohemocytes are usually rounded cells with a large nucleus and small cytoplasmic area. Plasmatocytes are spherical or oval cells. Granulocytes are generally spherical cells with dense granules. Adipohemocytes are usually spherical cells having numerous lipid droplets within their cytoplasm. Oenocytoides are usually spherical cells with small and spherical nucleus centrally located. Also, we statistically compared the size of hemocyte types among these castes during metamorphosis. According to our measurements, the queen generally had the biggest hemocytes in comparison to the developmental stages in other castes. While statistically significant differences in the sizes of hemocyte types were mainly detected among castes of the pupal stage, there were no statistically significant differences in hemocyte sizes among castes of adult honey bees. in view of these findings, it may be stated that hemocyte profiles of A. m. anatolica vary based on the developmental stages of castes.Öğe Changes in blood-serum proteins, erythrocyte count, and size of Pelophylax bedriagae (CAMERANO, 1882) during metamorphosis(Osterreichische Gesellschaft Herpetologie E V, 2011) Arikan, Huseyin; Cicek, KerimIn the present study, an increase was found in both albumin and globulin fractions relative to the total amount of blood-serum proteins during metamorphosis of Pelophylax bedriagae (CAMERANO, 1852), from Menemen (Izmir, Turkey). The concentration of the protein fractions remained stable after the completion of metamorphosis. In addition, it was observed that the following processes happened during metamorphosis: the erythrocytes, which had been more oval in the larval period, became less ellipsoid upon a gradual increase in their widths, and the erythrocyte concentration decreased with increasing erythrocyte size.Öğe Current Statement of Intensive Care Units in Turkey: Data obtained from 67 Centers(Bilimsel Tip Publishing House, 2018) Ediboglu, Ozlem; Mocin, Ozlem Yazicioglu; Ozyilmaz, Ezgi; Salturk, Cuneyt; Onalan, Tugba; Seydaoglu, Gulsah; Celikel, Turgay; Arikan, Huseyin; Ataman, Sena; Kirakli, Cenk; Ozcelik, Zerrin; Kultufan, Sema; Kara, Iskender; Kara, Atilla; Dagli, Emine; Bulbul, Selma Duru; Kahveci, Kadriye; Dincer, Metin; Senoglu, Nimet; Ozkarakas, Huseyin; Bahar, Ilhan; Cengiz, Melike; Ramazanoglu, Atilla; Celik, Burcu; Gaygisiz, Ummugulsun; Kir, Gulay; Bindal, Ahmet; Akan, Belgin; Turan, Isil Ozkocak; Yildirim, Fatma; Basarik, Burcu; Ulukan, Zeliha Arslan; Efe, Serdar; Sungur, Murat; Temel, Sahin; Izdes, Seval; Hosgun, Derya; Karadeniz, Nurhan; Tuncay, Eylem; Goksenoglu, Nezihe Ciftarslan; Irmak, Ilim; Datli, Utku; Zerman, Avsar; Akdag, Devrim; Ozdemir, Levent; Elay, Gulseren; Karacayir, Yucel; Topeli, Arzu; Hanci, Pervin; Kaya, Esat Kivanc; Guven, Pinar; Sazak, Hilal; Aydemir, Semih; Aygencel, Gulbin; Aydemir, Yusuf; Doganay, Zahide; Komurcu, Ozgur; Hanci, Volkan; Karakoc, Emre; Sozutek, Didem; Coskun, Guven; Ates, Gungor; Tiryaki, Civan; Soyturk, Ayse Nur; Girgin, Nermin Kelebek; Caliskan, Gulbahar; Biyikli, Oben; Gokmen, Necati; Koca, Ugur; Ciledag, Aydin; Suner, Kezban Ozmen; Cinel, Ismail; Arslantas, Mustafa Kemal; Gul, Fethi; Ergun, Recai; Yilmaz, Nafiye; Altintas, Defne; Talan, Leyla; Yalcinsoy, Murat; Gullu, Mehmet Nezir; Ozcan, Perihan Ergin; Orhun, Gunseli; Savran, Yusuf; Tokur, Murat Emre; Akpinar, Serdar; Sen, Pelin; Gursel, Gul; Serifoglu, Irem; Gedik, Ender; Balbay, Oner Abidin; Akbas, Turkay; Cesur, Sinem; Yolacan, Hulya; Sagmen, Seda Beyhan; Ekren, Pervin Korkmaz; Bacakoglu, Feza; Ergan, Begum; Gunay, Ersin; Sariaydin, Muzaffer; Saglam, Dursun Ali; Karakurt, Sait; Eryuksel, Emel; Oztuna, Funda; Murtezaoglu, Emine Sevil Ayaydin; Cinemre, Hakan; Nalbant, Ahmet; Yagmurkaya, Oznur; Mandal, Tugba; Ikidag, BelginOBJECTIVES: We aimed to obtain information about the characteristics of the ICUs in our country via a point prevalence study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was planned by the Respiratory Failure and Intensive Care Assembly of Turkish Thoracic Society. A questionnaire was prepared and invitations were sent from the association's communication channels to reach the whole country. Data were collected through all participating intensivists between the October 26, 2016 at 08:00 and October 27, 2016 at 08:00. RESULTS: Data were collected from the 67 centers. Overall, 76.1% of the ICUs were managed with a closed system. In total, 35.8% (n=24) of ICUs were levels of care (LOC) 2 and 64.2% (n=43) were LOC 3. The median total numbers of ICU beds, LOC 2, and LOC 3 beds were 12 (8-23), 14 (10-25), and 12 (8-20), respectively. The median number of ventilators was 12 (7-21) and that of ventilators with non-invasive ventilation mode was 11 (6-20). The median numbers of patients per physician during day and night were 3.9 (2.3-8) and 13 (9-23), respectively. The median number of patients per nurse was 2.5 (2-3.1); 88.1% of the nurses were certified by national certification corporation. CONCLUSION: In terms of the number of staff, there is a need for specialist physicians, especially during the night and nurses in our country. It was thought that the number of ICU-certified nurses was comparatively sufficient, yet the target was supposed to be 100% for this rate.Öğe Electrophoretic comparison of blood-serum proteins of Apathya cappadocica (Sauria, Lacertidae) subspecies from Anatolia(Firenze Univ Press, 2010) Ilgaz, Cetin; Arikan, Huseyin; Kumlutas, Yusuf; Avci, AzizBlood-serum proteins of the known subspecies of Apathya cappadocica (Werner, 1902) were studied comparatively by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. In order to obtain useful biochemical data for classification, differences between the electrophoreograms of the samples included in the morphologically different subspecies were distinguished qualitatively and quantitatively. These comparisons indicated that electrophoretic results supported morphological discrimination of the known subspecies of A. cappadocica.Öğe Haematology of amphibians and reptiles: a review(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2014) Arikan, Huseyin; Cicek, KerimIn this review, function and composition of blood, haemopoiesis, morphology, number and size of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes), and intra/extracellular blood parasites of amphibians and reptiles are revised by utilizing the literature knowledge.Öğe Histochemical and Histological Investigations on Duvernoy's Gland in Natrix tessellata (Squamata: Colubridae)(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Akat, Esra; Cakici, Ozlem; Dincaslan, Yunus Emre; Arikan, HuseyinDuvernoy's gland, an oral gland located in temporal region, is only found in Colubrid snakes. This is the first report describing morphological and histological structure of Duvernoy's gland in Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768). It is surrounded by a connective tissue layer which penetrates into the gland by forming many septa, dividing the glandular body into lobules and including the acini and the inner ducts. Duvernoy's gland is formed by seromucous acini composed of seromucous cells, and mucous acini composed of mucous cells and they are recognized by their histochemical characteristics. The gland is mainly organized in seromucous acini, mucous cells are restricted to the gland center region and to the inner secretion duct lining epithelium.Öğe A Histological Study on Liver of Near Eastern Fire Salamander, Salamandra infraimmaculata Martens, 1885 (Urodela: Salamandridae)(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2017) Akat, Esra; Arikan, HuseyinThe aim of the present study is to examine the histological structure and to determine melanin-containing cells in liver for a better understanding of the role of these cells in Salamandra infraimmaculata. The surface of the liver is covered with haematopoietic tissue. The liver is divided into lobules. The boundaries between lobules are not clearly defined. Hepatocytes are radially arranged around the central vein. Melanin-containing cells are localised in the liver parenchyma. Although it is known that melanin-containing cells are present in various organs of heterothermic vertebrates such as kidney, liver, spleen and lung, their function in the visceral organs of lower vertebrates is still unclear.Öğe A Histological Study on Venom Apparatus of Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) (Serpentes, Viperidae)(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2016) Kilic, Dilara Colak; Akat, Esra; Arikan, HuseyinThis is the first report describing morphological and histological structure of venom apparatus in Montivipera xanthina. The venom gland apparatus of M. xanthina was composed of four distinct parts, main venom gland, primary duct, accessory gland and secondary duct. The main venom gland was composed of acini. The accessory gland was formed by long and ramified tubules. Nine fangs were detected in one half of the upper jaw each at different stage of development. Only one tooth was functional and the eight remaining fangs form a replacement series. The venom apparatus of viperid snakes are the most effective venom-delivery system among vertebrates and have been the focus of scientific interests for many years. Despite this interest, there are few studies including venom-delivery system of venomous snakes. The results presented here may be common among venomous snakes and model of the viperid design of the venom apparatus.Öğe Investigation of dorsal/ventral skin and the parotoid region of Lyciasalamandra billae and Lyciasalamandra luschani basoglui (Urodela: Salamandridae)(Versita, 2014) Akat, Esra; Arikan, Huseyin; Gocmen, BayramIn the present study, the parotoid region, dorsal and ventral integuments of Lyciasalamandra billae and Lyciasalamandra luschani basoglui were investigated in terms of localization of hyaluronic acid (HA) and histochemical characteristics. HA immunoreactivity was carried out using biotinylated hyaluronic acid binding protein (B-HABP) labelled with streptavidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). HA was mainly localized in the stratum spongiosum of L. billae and L. luschani basoglui for water homeostasis and skin functionality. Light microscopic observations revealed that the dorsal and ventral integuments of L. billae and L. luschani basoglui exhibited basic morphological characteristics of other amphibians: the epidermis was composed of a stratified squamous epithelium and the dermis subdivided into stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum. Two different types of dermal glands (mucous and granular glands) were identified in the spongious dermis of the dorsal and ventral integuments whereas in the parotoid region, three different types of glands (mucous, granular and parotoid glands) were examined.Öğe Morphological characterization of hemocyte types in some species belonging to Tettigoniidae and Pamphagidae (Insecta: Orthoptera)(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2018) Ozturk, Gurhan; Cakici, Ozlem; Arikan, HuseyinIn the present study, the species Eupholidoptera smyrnensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptcra: Tettigoniidae), and Glyphotmethis spp. (Orthoptcra: Pamphagidac) were studied in order to determine hemocyte types. lb that end, hemolymph smear preparations were stained using Wright's stain. According to light microscopic examinations, five hemocyte types, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, and oenocytoids, were determined in each species. Prohemocytes are basic and the smallest cell type in the hemolymph. Plasmatocytes show polymorphism and they may have pseudopodia. Granulocytes are characterized by granules in their cytoplasm. Spherulocytes typically include spherical vacuoles. Oenocytoids are the largest cells among hemocyte types. These hemocyte types have similar characteristics in all examined species. Hemocyte measurements were also made. According to these measurements, E. smyrnensis hemocytes were smaller than those of Decticus verrucivorus and Glyphotmethis spp. Although included in different families, the two closest species in terms of hemocyte size were D. verrucivorus and Glyphotmethis spp.Öğe MORPHOLOGY AND BIOMETRIC STUDY OF SKIN OF Hyla orientalis BEDRIAGA, 1890 (ANURA, HYLIDAE)(Folium Publ Co, 2013) Akat, Esra; Arikan, HuseyinThe dorsal and ventral skin of the Eastern tree frog, Hyla orientalis, was investigated by light microscopy. Histochemistry was carried out with use of various staining methods, and microscopic observations revealed the morphological characteristics of the skin with squamous epithelium in the epidermis and connective tissue in the dermis, subdivided into stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum. Two types of skin glands (mucous and granular) were observed in both dorsal and ventral skin. The percentage of dermal glands was calculated and diameters of granular and mucous glands were measured per animal in, both dorsal and ventral regions. The parameters were compared by one-way ANOVA and subsequently by Mann Whitney U-test in terms of statistical differences in the diameters of dermal glands. The histochemical properties and morphological characteristics with qualitative and quantitative features for each region (dorsal and ventral integuments) did not show individual variation and may be considered as important features for taxonomic, phylogenetic and ecological studies.Öğe Morphology of peripheral blood cells from various species of Turkish Herpetofauna(Firenze Univ Press, 2010) Arikan, Huseyin; Cicek, KerimIn this study, measurements of morphological and size parameters of peripheral blood cells (erythrocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte) on blood smear preparation devices stained with Wright's stain were given for 87 species from Turkish herpetofauna (19 amphibian species including 7 urodeles and 12 anurans as well as 68 reptile species including 4 turtles, 30 lizards and 34 snakes). It was determined that erythrocyte and nucleus sizes showed great variations among the species of herpetofauna and even among the preparations of the same species; the largest blood cells (erythrocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte) were found in urodeles; aquatic and semiaquatic species had larger erythrocytes than terrestrials, and the largest erythrocytes were in turtles among the reptile species examined. Lymphocytes were determined as the predominant cells among the blood leucocytes in blood smears of all the examined species.Öğe A new Lycian Salamander, threatened with extinction, from the Goynuk Canyon (Antalya, Anatolia), Lyciasalamandra irfani n. sp (Urodela: Salamandridae)(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2011) Gocmen, Bayram; Arikan, Huseyin; Yalcinkaya, DenizA new species of the Lycian Salamander, Lyciasalamandra irfani n. sp. is described and its relation with similar previously known taxa is discussed. The new species characterized by having rather darkly coloured head part and also an aubergine reddish brown ground colour on dorsum with irregularly scattered white flecks. It originates from Goynuk Canyon (Antalya) in southwestern Anatolia. At present, the distribution is limited to its type locality. Some information is added in regard to its habitat.Öğe Phlebotomus halepensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) Vectorial Capacity in Afyon and Nigde Province, Turkey(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2018) Kavur, Hakan; Arikan, Huseyin; Ozbel, YusufLeishmaniasis is a one of the vector-borne diseases and has two clinical forms in Turkey: cutaneous and visceral. The aim of this study was to determine the sand fly fauna in Afyon and Nigde provinces where endemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Turkey. In Afyon, 2,259 sand flies were collected in 73 locations in August 2009 and August 2010, using CDC light traps. In total, eight Phlebotomus species were identified; Phlebotomus halepensis (47.41%), Phlebotomus papatasi (31.42%), Phlebotomus neglectus/syriacus (9.38%), Phlebotomus balcanicus (7.48%), Phlebotomus simici (2.12%), Phlebotomus perfiliewi (1.90%), Phlebotomus sergenti (0.08%), Phlebotomus similis (0.13%), and Sergentomyia dentata (0.04%). A total of 418 sand fly specimens were caught by CDC light traps in 40 stations in Nigde in September 2009 and September 2010. In total, seven Phlebotomus species were identified; P. halepensis (74.16%), P. simici (13.87%), P. papatasi (3.82%), P. neglectus/syriacus (2.87%), P. balcanicus (2.63%), P. sergenti (2.39%), and Phlebotomus tobbi (0.23%). Collected sand flies were examined by microscope, and no promastigotes were found in their midguts. We categorized and pooled female specimens (1,031 females, 73 pools of 2-33 individuals). Leishmania species-specific ITS1 real-time PCR assay was performed for detection and identification of parasites. We detected 6 of the 73 pools with Leishmania tropica (Ross, 1903), (Trypanosomatidae). In conclusion, P. halepensis was found to be dominant species in both areas. We are in opinion that our findings support P. halepensis vectorial role for L. tropica in nature and it could be responsible for the transmission of L. tropica in these endemic areas.
