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    Economic analysis of early-warning system in apple cultivation: a turkish case study
    (Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Letras Ciencias Humanas, 2014) Gul, Mevlut; Akpinar, Goksel; Demircan, Vecdi; Yilmaz, Hasan; Bal, Tufan; Arici, S. Evrim; Polat, Mehmet; San, Bekir; Eraslan, Figen; Kart, Cagla Ormeci; Ozdamar, Damla; Yilmaz, Serife Gulden
    In this study Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Nigde province' farms which are dominant in apple cultivation has been compared in terms of early warning adoption level and some social economic indicators. With this scope in the study region stratified sampling method had been used and sampling size has been determined 267 farms. In these regions early warning system has been used since the late 80's for black spot and codling moth. Especially after 2000's successful results of the system provide that a positive effect of the farmers' adoption level. According to the study results there is a high adoption level of farmers on apple cultivation from early warning system thus 41.6% of the farmers exactly adapt the pesticide application time from early warning system but farmers have lack of information about the system. There is a positive relation between adoption and education level, both levels increase at the same time. Early warning adoption levels also decrease unit production cost of apple. Relative profit has a statistically meaningful relation between early warning adoption level (p<0.05). Total pesticide cost increased 10.92% due to unnecessary usage. Many small farms in these regions can increase their income and provide market advantages with some amelioration in the early warning system, enlargement of practise areas.
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    Economic Analysis of Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Apple Cultivation: a Turkish Case Study
    (Springer, 2017) Gul, Mevlut; Akpinar, Metin Goksel; Demircan, Vecdi; Yilmaz, Hasan; Bal, Tufan; Arici, S. Evrim; Polat, Mehmet; San, Bekir; Eraslan, Figen; Kart, M. Cagla Ormeci; Gurbuz, Damla; Yilmaz, Serife Gulden
    This study aims to determine adoption level of farmers to integrated pest management (IPM) program and also to analyse the agricultural pesticide usage in apple growing. The primary data includes a research carried out through a questionnaire method which was conducted to apple producers in Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Nigde. According to the information received from the survey farms were separated into four groups according to IPM adoption level. It has been found out that the amount of pesticides used per hectare decreases according to the adoption of integrated pest management. While 1 kg apple cost found USD 0.40 in farms which does not follow IPM, USD 0.38 in farms which follow IPM. However, net profit per hectare is USD 556.75 in farms which does not follow integrated pest management; it is USD 482.51 in farms which follow high level IPM. In conclusion; to implement an efficient IPM, producers primarily should take cultural precautions and in the last resort they should look for chemical methods. They should avoid extreme use of nitrogenous fertilization, they should use high quality saplings, create a suitable ecological infrastructure and habitat management to conserve natural enemies of pests, select environment friendly pesticides, make descriptions of natural enemies of apple pests, give trainings about how to prevent pests contamination.