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Öğe Anti-HTLV-I/II Seroprevalence in healthy blood donors in Izmir, Turkey(2003) Yazan Sertöz R.; Erensoy S.; Özçam H.; Altuglu I.; Taşbakan M.; Töbü M.; Bilgiç A.Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the first human retrovirus to be associated with malignant disease-namely, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. HTLV-I has also been associated with several diseases. HTLV-I has a worldwide distribution with major endemic foci in the Caribbean and Southern Japan. HTLV-II is a closely related retrovirus that shares considerable genomic homology with HTLV-I but has not been proven to be a pathogen. Major routes of transmission are blood transfusion, breast milk and sexual activity. In this study, we examined the seroprevalance of HTLV-I/II among healthy blood donors attended to Ege University Hospital in Izmir. 913 healthy blood donors were examined for the presence of anti-HTLV-l/ll antibody in their sera. Serum specimens were tested with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Organon Teknika, Vironostika HTLV-I/II Microelisa System, Holland). All of the 913 healthy blood donors were seronegative with EIA. These findings indicate that screening of blood donors for HTLV I/II is not necessary at present time.Öğe Atorvastatin treatment decreases inflammatory and proteolytic activity in patients with hypercholesterolemia(Klinika Kardiologii CMKP, 2004) Ercan E.; Tengiz I.; Altuglu I.; Sekuri C.; Aliyev E.; Ercan H.E.; Akin M.Background. Statins have anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects, which are known as non-lipid effects. Statin treatment can decrease endogenous inflammatory response. Aim. To study the effects of atorvastatin on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) - markers of the proteinolytic and inflammatory activity. Methods. In this prospective study 44 patients with hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned into 2 groups; Group 1 (n=22) treated with atorvastatin and diet for 2 months, and Group 2 (n=22) - diet alone. MMP-9 and hs-CRP were measured at baseline and two months later. Results. Groups were matched for age, sex and baseline characteristics. Lipid levels decreased by 32% (LDL from 153.9±26.6 to 94.5±20.8 mg/dl, p<0.005) in the atorvastatin group and by 9% in the diet alone group. Atorvastatin lowered plasma CRP from 5.16±1.9 to 2.88±1.06 mg/L (p<0.001) and MMP-9 activity from 64.3±28.1 to 35.4±20.0 ng/ml (p<0.0001). Atorvastatin-induced reductions in CRP and MMP-9 were greater than in the diet alone group. MMP-9 levels did not show significant changes in Group 2 after two months of diet. Conclusions. Atorvastatin treatment decreases inflammatory and proteolytic activity in patients with hypercholesterolemia.Öğe Comparison of different polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 encephalitis.(2006) Altuglu I.; Zeytinoglu A.; Sirin H.; Yuceyar N.; Erensoy S.[No abstract available]Öğe Comparison of immunofluorescence assay and multiplexed microparticle-based immunoassay for detecting Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen antibodies(2008) Zeytinoglu A.; Altuglu I.; Karatas E.; Yazan Sertoz R.A new multiplexed microparticle-based immunoassay was compared with the immunofluorescence assay that is used widely for detecting EBV-specific antibodies in immunocompetent patients. Serum samples of 162 patients submitted for routine EBV diagnosis were tested for viral capsid antigen IgM, viral capsid antigen IgG and serological profile interpretations with both systems. The result concordances were 94.2%, 93.6%, and 92.1%, respectively. Multiplexed microparticle-based immunoassay can be an alternative to immunofluorescence assay especially in laboratories receiving large numbers of samples. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Development of a database for tracking HIV positive/AIDS patients [HIV pozi·ti·f/aids hastalarinin tani ve i·zlemi· i·çi·n geli·şti·ri·len veri· tabani ortami](2007) Altuglu I.; Çavuşoglu C.; Çiçek C.; Tünger Ö.The collection of reliable data is the first step to assess the status of HIV/AIDS in a community. HIV recording systems are necessary for organizing and analyzing the patients' data. The aim of the study was to develop a database to be used to track HIV positive/AIDS patients. The database includes general demographic fields as well as specific fields such as health history, laboratory and other clinical history, current and past drug regimens (both antiretroviral and non-antiretroviral drugs). It is also possible to organize and maintain a patient database according to specific diseases, laboratory tests and/or medication treatments.Öğe Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in Western Turkey(2008) Altuglu I.; Soyler I.; Ozacar T.; Erensoy S.Objective: The primary aim of this study was to determine the recent distribution of various genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with chronic HCV infection in Western Turkey. Additional objectives were to determine whether there are any associations of genotype with gender and age, and to determine the nucleotide similarities and risk factors of non-1 HCV genotypes. Methods: Serum samples from 345 patients (176 male, 169 female; mean age 53.3 ± 12.7 years, range 10-81 years) with chronic HCV infection were analyzed in this study. Viral genotypes were determined by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based in-house assay. To confirm genotypes for the samples with band patterns other than genotype 1, the 5' UTR was amplified and sequenced. Results: Genotype 1 was observed in 335 of the 345 patients (97.1%). Of these, 34 patients showed infection with subtype 1a (9.9%) and 301 with subtype 1b (87.2%). Genotypes 2, 3, and 4 were determined in 0.9%, 1.4%, and 0.6% of the patients, respectively. Patients infected with type 1 were significantly older than patients infected with non-1 genotypes; however no significant differences were recorded in gender distribution. Conclusions: Genotypes other than genotype 1 are quite rare; these are possibly acquired in other countries. Turkish patients with chronic hepatitis C still represent a rather homogenous group with genotypic diversity encountered rarely. © 2007 International Society for Infectious Diseases.Öğe Elevated levels of matrix metalloprotein-3 in patients with coronary aneurysm: A case control study(2004) Tengiz I.; Ercan E.; Aliyev E.; Sekuri C.; Duman C.; Altuglu I.Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms through increased proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins. Increased proteolysis due to elevated matrix degrading enzyme activity in the arterial wall may act as a susceptibility factor for the development of coronary aneurysms. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MMPs and presence of coronary aneurysms. Methods: Thirty patients with aneurysmal coronary artery disease and stable angina were enrolled into study (Group 1). Fourteen coronary artery disease patients with stable angina were selected as control group (Group 2). MMP-1, MMP-3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in peripheral venous blood and matched between the groups. Results: Serum MMP-3 level was higher in patients with aneurismal coronary artery disease compared to the control group (20.23 ± 14.68 vs 11.45 ± 6.55 ng/ml, p = 0.039). Serum MMP-1 (13.63 ± 7.73 vs 12.15 ± 6.27 ng/ml, p = 0.52) and CRP levels (4.78 ± 1.47 vs 4.05 ± 1.53 mg/l, p = 0.13) were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: MMPs can cause arterial wall destruction. MMP-3 may play role in the pathogenesis of coronary aneurysm development through increased proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins. © 2004 Tengiz et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Öğe Evaluation of immunoblot-based assay for detecting epstein-barr virus viral capsid antibodies [Epstein-barr vi·rus vi·ral kapsi·d anti·korlarinin saptanmasinda i·mmünoblot yöntemi·ni·n degerlendi·ri·lmesi·](2010) Altuglu I.; Aksoy A.; Zeytlnoglu A.; Orman M.Various attempts have been made to improve Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serodiagnosis by developing more practical and objective methods than immunofluorescence-based assays. In the present study, the performance of immunoblot-based assays were evaluated by comparing the results obtained by the gold standard immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA). Serum samples of 277 patients admitted to Ege University Hospital for routine EBV diagnosis were included in the study. The age range of the patients was 3 months-89 years (mean 28 years) and 104 of them were females and 173 were males. All the samples were assayed by commercial immunoblot (Euroline IgM and IgG; Euroimmun, Germany) and IFA (EBV-CA IgG and IgM, Euroimmun, Germany) methods. Crosstabulation, chi-square test and phi (?) measures in SPSS 16.0 statistical package programme were used for data analysis. Of the 216 samples that were interpreted as positive with immunoblot-based IgM assay, only 34 (15.7%) were confirmed as positive with IFA, whereas 162 (75%) were negative, and 20 (9.3%) were equivocal (?= 0.167; low correlation). Of the 85 samples that were anti-VCA IgG positive with immunoblot assay, 82 (96.5%) were positive, 2 (2.3%) were negative and 1 (1.2%) were equivocal with IFA (?= 0.441; significant correlation). When the indeterminate results obtained by IFA test were excluded from the evaluation, the correlation between immunoblot VCA IgG and IFA IgG was 85.4% (88/103) and between immunoblot VCA IgM and I FA IgM was 27.3% (69/253). When the intensities of bands were evaluated for IgM testing, it was noted that as the intensity of the bands increased (1+ to 3+), IFA VCA IgM reactivity rates increased (from 9.9% to 29.5% for pi 9 band; from 24% to 85.7% for gp125 band). For immunoblot VCA IgM testing, 165 samples were found to be positive only for VCA pi 9 band. Of these samples, 135 (81.8%) were negative, 15 (9.1%) were positive and 15 (9.1%) were equivocal with IFA. It is observed that even though immunoblot assays with automated blotting and scanning systems can be a convenient alternative to immunofluorescence assay, the rate of false positivity obtained for VCA IgM was high (75%). It was concluded that in laboratories which apply immunoblotting as a primary screening test for EBV serodiagnosis, the positive VCA IgM results (particularly isolated p19 band positivity) and the presence of low intensity bands, should be confirmed by IFA testing.Öğe Evaluation of viral etiology in central nervous system infections from a university hospital point of view in izmir based on seven years data [Santral Sinir Sistemi Enfeksiyonlarinda Viral Etiyolojinin izmir'de Bir Üniversite Hastanesinin Yedi Yillik Verileri Üzerinden Degerlendirilmesi](Ankara Microbiology Society, 2017) Zeytinoglu A.; Erensoy S.; Sertoz R.; Altuglu I.; Çiçek C.; Kayin M.; Şirin H.; Taner S.The serious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS); encephalitis and meningitis, have high mortality and morbidity rate especially not diagnosed and treated in time. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the tool of choice for viral diagnosis in CNS infections. In this study, viral etiological agents found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples sent to our university hospital virology laboratory for laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections were retrospectively evaluated and results were compared with other reports from our country. Viral etiological agents found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples sent to Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Microbiology Virology Laboratories for laboratory diagnosis of CNS infection between 01.01.2009-31.12.2015 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 3778 CSF tests were performed for cell culture of enterovirus (EV) in 487 samples and 3291 tests for nucleic acid testing (NAT) by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) and EV. VZV and EV NAPs were performed during the last one and five years period, respectively. NAT positive results for HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBV, VZV, HHV6 and EV were 1.80% (24/1333), 0.08% (1/1333), 3.28% (19/580), 4.35% (22/506), 0.46% (1/216), 1.05% (5/478) and 3.37% (6/178), respectively. EV was isolated in 30 (6.20%) of 487 CSF samples by viral culture. Positive samples were mainly from pediatric, neurology and infectious diseases clinics as expected. The number of higher positive results were found in samples sentin December (35.3%), July (12.9%) and November (10.6%). Overall 80% of positive samples belonged to patients over 18 years old. When the results of other studies reported from Turkey are examined, although the positivity rates are generally similar, it is seen that the rates specific to certain factors are higher in selected smaller patient groups like HSV1 and EV. Rapid nucleic acid tests like multiplex PCR and microarray will provide more practical and effective laboratory diagnosis approach in CNS infections, since many more microorganisms may be causative agents.Öğe Identification of enteroviruses from central nervous system infections by RT-PCR and cell culture methods [Santral sinir sistemi enfeksiyonu etkeni enteroviruslarin RT-PCR ve hücre kültür yöntemleri ile saptanmasi](2011) Kiliç I.; Altuglu I.; Çiçek C.; Pullukçu H.; Bayram N.; Şirin H.; Erensoy S.Viruses are the major causes of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Enteroviruses account for more than 80% of the aseptic meningitis cases for which an etiologic agent is identified. The aims of the present study were to identify agents of enteroviral meningitis by viral culture and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods, to evaluate the appropriateness of a commercial RTPCR kit for its use in routine laboratory, and to obtain epidemiological data about enteroviral meningitis. Sixty six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspected viral central nervous system (CNS) infection by clinical and CSF biochemical findings, sent to Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology were included in the study. The CSF samples were all negative for tested bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. Thirty-four (51.5%) of the samples were from female and 32 (48.5%) were from male patients. Twenty-three (34.8%) patients were children (5 months-18 years) and 43 (65.2%) were adults (19-86 years). Shell vial rapid cell culture method by using Vero, HEp-2 and RD cell lines was performed for virus isolation and the results were evaluated on 48 th hours after staining the cells with fluorescein labeled polyclonal antibodies (Pan-Enterovirus Blend, Light Diagnostics, USA). Enteroviral RNA in the samples was detected by a commercial RT-PCR kit (Enterovirus Consensus Kit, Argene, France). Sixty-one (92.4%) of 66 samples from patients with suspected viral CNS infection were found to be negative for enterovirus both with RT-PCR and shell vial cell culture methods. Three samples (4.5%) were positive by shell vial culture method. In one CSF sample that was culture positive, RT-PCR was also positive. However, the remaining two culture positive samples yielded negative result by RT-PCR. Intermediate results with RT-PCR were obtained in two samples (3%) that were identified as negative by cell culture. Two of the three positive samples in cell culture were identified as echovirus, however, the remaining sample could not be identified due to small sample amount. As a result, the commercial assay was found non-practical and labor intensive, giving indeterminant results in some cases and missing two culture positive samples. Since it didn't have an advantage over the cell culture method used, it was found inappropriate for routine diagnosis in our laboratory. On the other hand, it has been known that nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) have markedly improved the diagnosis of enterovirus infections by increasing the sensitivity compared with cell culture methods. An alternative NAT method should be evaluated in parallel with cell culture method especially in CSF samples of children with suspected viral central nervous system infections.Öğe Investigation of human herpesvirus-8 seroprevalence in blood donors and HIV-Positive patients admitted to ege university medical school hospital, Turkey [Ege Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Hastanesine Başvuran Kan Donörlerinde ve HIV-Pozitif Hastalarda insan Herpesvirusu-8 Seroprevalansimn Araştirilmasi](Ankara Microbiology Society, 2016) Altuglu I.; Yolcu A.; Öcek Z.A.; Yazan Sertöz R.; Gökengihy D.Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), classified in Herpesviridae family, is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease. In contrast to the other herpesviruses, HHV-8 seroprevalence is low in general populations; however, the higher prevalence observed in individuals with immunodeficiencies such as AIDS poses an increased risk for KS. The global distribution of HHV-8 shows great variations, with the highest seroprevalence seen in Africa. The number of studies on the seroprevalence of HHV-8 in Turkey are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the HHV-8 seroprevalences in healthy blood donors and HIV-positive patients, that will contribute HHV-8 seroepidemiological data in our country. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. A total of 551 healthy donors (76 female, 475 male; age range: 18-65 years) admitted to Ege University Medical School Hospital, Blood Center for blood donation between December 2013-January 2014, and 173 HIV-positive patients (30 female, 143 male; age range: 18-65 years) admitted to infectious diseases outpatient clinic between October 2013-January 2014, were included in the study. A commercial ELISA method (KSHV/HHV-8 IgG ELISA Kit, Advanced Biotechnologies Inc, USA) was used for the detection of IgG antibodies that were structured against HHV-8 lytic antigens. In the study, 29 (29/551, 5.3%) of blood donors and 44 (44/173, 25.4%) of HIV-positive patients, with a total of 73 (73/724, 10.1%) cases were found as HHV-8 seropositive. The difference between blood donors and HIV-positive patients in terms of HHV-8 seropositivity rates was statistically significant (5.3% versus 25.4%; p< 0.05). In both of the study groups, no statistically significant difference was detected between HHV-8 seropositivity with gender and age. When considering HIV-positive patients, no statistically significant difference was observed between HHV-8 seropositivity with the duration of anti-HIV positivity, CD4+ T cell count, HIV-RNA status and history of having sexually transmitted disease. As a result, HHV-8 seroprevalence rate detected in our study is similar to the data of other studies performed in Turkey, as well as the rates reported from other European and Asian countries.Öğe Management of invalid internal controls in the Cobas Amplicor HCV-RNA test using the high-speed centrifugation method1) [2](2004) Erensoy S.; Yazan Sertöz R.; Altuglu I.; Özacar T.[No abstract available]Öğe The prevalence of mixed genotype infections in Turkish patients with hepatitis C: A multicentered assessment(Verlag Klinisches Labor GmbH, 2019) Kulah C.; Altindis M.; Akyar I.; Gokahmetoglu S.; Sayiner A.; Kaleli I.; Fidan I.; Altuglu I.; Aydin F.; Topkaya A.; Us T.; Findik D.; Ozdemir M.; Oztürk E.; Ulger S.T.; Karsligil T.; Cekin Y.; Aksaray S.; Uzunoglu E.; Aktas O.; Uslu H.; Cetinkol Y.; Gureser A.S.; Ece G.; Toptan H.; Koroglu M.; Comert F.Background: HCV virus infections are one of the major health problems in the world that can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer at a higher rate than other hepatitis data. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mixed infections with different HCV genotypes in Turkey and also to evaluate the current HCV genotype and subtype distributions by a multicentered assessment. Methods: The HCV genotype data of 17,578 hepatitis C patients collected from 23 centers from different geographic regions covering all Turkey were collected. The data included information about the HCV genotypes in the last 10 years (between 2007 and 2016), demographic properties of the patients and the methods/systems used to determine the genotypes. Results: Two hundred twenty-eight of the patients (1.3%) had mixed genotype. The most common mixed genotype combination was 1b + 4 (0.83%) followed by 1a + 1b (0.26%). Genotype distribution varies according to geographical regions. However, genotype 1 (82.92%) was the most common genotype in all regions and all years. This was followed by genotype 3 (7.07%) and genotype 4 (5.43%). A variety of methods were used by the centers including sequencing, pyrosequencing, real-time PCR, in-house RFLP, reverse hybridization (LIPA), and hybridization. Conclusions: Infection with mixed HCV genotypes in Turkey is uncommon. Genotype distribution varies according to geographic regions; the most common genotype 1 is encountered all over the country, while genotypes 3 and 4 are only in some of the centers. Since there is limited information about mixed HCV infection, further investigations are needed to determine the clinical importance of mixed HCV infection. © 2019 Verlag Klinisches Labor GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 in a Turkish blood donor population(BC Decker Inc., 1998) Altuglu I.; Sayiner A.A.; Erensoy S.; Zeytinoglu A.; Bilgiç A.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus- 1 and -2 infection in voluntary blood donors at a university hospital in the third largest city of Turkey and to evaluate the HIV testing strategy for notifying blood donors. Methods: Between July 1995 and August 1997, 36,373 voluntary blood donors who met the criteria for donating blood were tested for the presence of HIV-1 and -2 antibodies by using an automated enzyme- linked fluorescent immunoassay. Repeatedly reactive samples were subjected to a different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a line immunoassay (LIA) for the detection of antibodies. Results: Of the 36,373 samples tested 72 were found to be repeatedly reactive or borderline by the first screening enzyme immunoassay (EIA). None of the 72 samples was reactive by the second EIA. These samples were further tested by LIA: 64 were negative on the line immunoassay and 8 were indeterminate. Three of eight donors who had indeterminate results by LIA were tested for HIV-1 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were found to be negative. One additional donor with an indeterminate LIA was found to be negative by EIA and LIA during the 6-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Donor questioning, repeat EIA testing, LIA testing, and HIV-1 DNA analysis did not confirm evidence for HIV infection among this blood donor population. Blood donor notification of test results according to the World Health Organization (WHO) strategy III was found to be an appropriate approach.
