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    DETERMINATION OF VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES IN SEA WATER, SEDIMENT, AND NATURAL FISH IN THE AEGEAN SEA
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Baydan, Emine; Kaya, Sezai; Cagirgan, Hasmet; Yildirim, Ebru; Altintas, Levent; Yurdakok, Begum; Ekici, Husamettin; Aydin, Farah Gonul; Kucukosmanoglu, Asli Gul
    In this research, residues of certain veterinary drugs (florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA)) were screened in natural fish, sediment, and seawater samples of the Aegean Sea, while only chloramphenicol (CAP) was searched for in the sediment. Samples were collected from fish farming cages in selected coordinates (Bodrum, Salihli Region, Turkey) on September, October 2011 and March, April 2012. Method validation and analyses were carried out by HPLC method. For FF; LOD values were 25.11 ppb for sea water, 27.07 ppb for sediment as well as 38.16 and 37.95 ppb for Mullus barbatus and Oblada tnelanura fish samples. FFA value for Mullus barbatus was 39.60 ppb, respectively. For CAP in sediment samples, LOD values were found as 53.59 ppb. In 4 different sampling areas (A, B, C, D), the lowest temperature was recorded as 14 degrees C in March 2012 but the highest was 28.3 degrees C in October 2011; the lowest dissolved oxygen (mg/L) values were detected in March 2012 (from 6.05 to 6.44), the highest in October 2011(10.78-11.55). The pH values slightly varied month by month; the lowest was 7.9 and the highest 8.6. This research revealed that dissolved oxygen and pH values of the collected seawater samples were in accordance with the normal limits of the offshore seawater values; no significant residue of the analyzed veterinary drugs was found to be present, and all values were found to be lower than LOD values in the sampled fish farms. In conclusion; there was no pollution caused by veterinary drugs.
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    Investigation of some veterinary drug residues in sea water, sediment, and wild fishes captured around fish farms in the Aegean Sea: Oxytetracyline, ivermectin and emamectin
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2015) Baydan, Emine; Kaya, Sezai; Cagirgan, Hasmet; Yildirim, Ebru; Altintas, Levent; Yurdakok, Begun; Ekici, Husamettin; Aydin, Farah Gunul; Kucukosmanoglu, Asli Gul
    Veterinary drug residues and their metabolites in food are regularly investigated by local authorities; however their fate in the environment is still unknown. Despite the importance of the aquaculture industry and the widespread use of antibiotics; limited scientific information regarding their residue in natural fish, sediment and sea water are available in TURKEY. The current study; which is the first study in this area, was undertaken to determine the oxytetracycline (OTC), ivermectin (IVM) and emamectin benzoate (EMA) residues from samples of wild fishes (Oblada melanura, Mullus barbatus), sea water and sediment collected in four different months, caught around the fish cages near Salihli Island in Bodrum, Aegean Sea. Samples were analyzed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) followed by the validation for each matrix. No residues were found to be above the Limit of detection (LOD) levels of the validated methods in the screened samples. In order to understand the possible risk of veterinary antibiotics, especially for low dose accumulation, to the ecosystem for sustainable aquaculture, conduction of more screening analysis with expanded possible matrices would be beneficial.
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    RE-AIMing COVID-19 online learning for medical students: a massive open online course evaluation
    (Bmc, 2021) Yilmaz, Yusuf; Sarikaya, Ozlem; Senol, Yesim; Baykan, Zeynep; Karaca, Ozan; Demiral Yilmaz, Nilufer; Altintas, Levent
    Background Clinical training during the COVID-19 pandemic is high risk for medical students. Medical schools in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have limited capacity to develop resources in the face of rapidly developing health emergencies. Here, a free Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) was developed as a COVID-19 resource for medical students working in these settings, and its effectiveness was evaluated. Methods The RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of MOOC in teaching medical students about COVID-19. The data sources included the student registration forms, metrics quantifying their interactions within the modules, students' course feedback, and free-text responses. The data were collected from the Moodle learning management system and Google analytics from May 9 to September 15, 2020. The research team analyzed the quantitative data descriptively and the qualitative data thematically. Results Among the 16,237 unique visitors who accessed the course, only 6031 medical students from 71 medical schools registered, and about 4993 (83% of registrants) completed the course, indicating high levels of satisfaction (M = 8.17, SD = 1.49) on a 10-point scale. The mean scores of each assessment modules were > 90%. The free-text responses from 987 unique students revealed a total of 17 themes (e.g., knowing the general information on COVID-19, process management of the pandemic in public health, online platform use, and instructional design) across the elements of the RE-AIM framework. Mainly, the students characterized the MOOC as well-organized and effective. Conclusions Medical students learned about COVID-19 using a self-paced and unmonitored MOOC. MOOCs could play a vital role in the dissemination of accurate information to medical students in LMIC in future public health emergencies. The students were interested in using similar MOOCs in the future.