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Öğe ABSORPTION OF FOLIAR-APPLIED LEAD (PB) IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.): A HYDROPONIC EXPERIMENT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Sardar, Muhammad Fahad; Ahmad, Hamaad Raza; Zia-Ur-Rehman; Ozturk, Munir; Altay, VolkanMetallic particulate matter has been released into the environment that can be deposited on aerial parts of vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems. Foliar transfer of metals and their fate in plant leaves is still unclear although it is contributor to the transfer of metals into plant body. The study was conducted with the objective of investigating the possible effects of various concentration levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L-1) of foliar-applied Pb on rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in half strength Johnson's nutrient solution. The results showed that increasing levels of lead application decreased fresh and dry weights of rice compared with control. Lead concentrations in roots increased with increasing rate of application. The overall results indicated bioaccumulation of foliar applied lead in rice plants.Öğe Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Maize Using Silicon Nutrition(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2019) Raza, Muhammad Mohsin; Ullah, Sami; Aziz, Tariq; Abbas, Tanveer; Yousaf, Malik Muhammad; Altay, Volkan; Ozturk, MunirImproving salinity tolerance through mineral nutrition in plants is emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture under limited resources. Silicon (Si) is considered as silver bullet to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses. Present study was conducted to understand the new mechanisms of Si nutrition against salinity stress in two different maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars ('Syngenta-8441' and 'Pearl'). Three different levels of NaCl (0.67, 8 and 13 dSm(-1)) were used with and without addition of silicic acid (2 mM). Distilled water was used for irrigation purposes and crop was harvested after 40 days of post germination. Results indicated that plant biomass reduced under saline condition while Si application increased growth parameters. Data regarding chemical analysis showed that Si nutrition reduced Na+ concentration and enhanced K+ levels in root, shoot, new and old leaves of 'Sygenta 8441' compared to 'Pearl' maize variety. Si application improved both chlorophyll a and b in both maize cultivars compared to NaCl-treated plants. the current findings indicate that Si nutrition can alleviate salinity stress in maize without decreasing growth attributes of crop and 'Sygenta 8441' is a salt resistant variety whereas 'Pearl' is a salt sensitive variety.Öğe Aluminum Toxicity: A Case Study on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)(Tech Science Press, 2023) Ozturk, Munir; Metin, Mert; Altay, Volkan; Kawano, Tomonori; Gul, Alvina; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz; Unal, DilekAluminum is an abundant metal in the earth's crust that turns out to be toxic in acidic environments. Many plants are affected by the presence of aluminum at the whole plant level, at the organ level, and at the cellular level. Tobacco as a cash crop (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a widely cultivated plant worldwide and is also a good model organism for research. Although there are many articles on Al-phytotoxicity in the literature, reviews on a single species that are economically and scientifically important are limited. In this article, we not only provide the biology associated with tobacco Al-toxicity, but also some essential information regarding the effects of this metal on other plant species (even animals). This review provides information on aluminum localization and uptake process by different staining techniques, as well as the effects of its toxicity at different compartment levels and the physiological consequences derived from them. In addition, molecular studies in recent years have reported specific responses to Al toxicity, such as overexpression of various protective proteins. Besides, this review discusses data on various organelle-based responses, cell death, and other mechanisms, data on tobacco plants and other kingdoms relevant to these studies.Öğe Aluminum Toxicity: A Case Study on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)(Tech Science Press, 2023) Ozturk, Munir; Metin, Mert; Altay, Volkan; Kawano, Tomonori; Gul, Alvina; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz; Unal, DilekAluminum is an abundant metal in the earth's crust that turns out to be toxic in acidic environments. Many plants are affected by the presence of aluminum at the whole plant level, at the organ level, and at the cellular level. Tobacco as a cash crop (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a widely cultivated plant worldwide and is also a good model organism for research. Although there are many articles on Al-phytotoxicity in the literature, reviews on a single species that are economically and scientifically important are limited. In this article, we not only provide the biology associated with tobacco Al-toxicity, but also some essential information regarding the effects of this metal on other plant species (even animals). This review provides information on aluminum localization and uptake process by different staining techniques, as well as the effects of its toxicity at different compartment levels and the physiological consequences derived from them. In addition, molecular studies in recent years have reported specific responses to Al toxicity, such as overexpression of various protective proteins. Besides, this review discusses data on various organelle-based responses, cell death, and other mechanisms, data on tobacco plants and other kingdoms relevant to these studies.Öğe Arsenic and Human Health: Genotoxicity, Epigenomic Effects, and Cancer Signaling(Springernature, 2022) Ozturk, Munir; Metin, Mert; Altay, Volkan; Bhat, Rouf Ahmad; Ejaz, Mahnoor; Gul, Alvina; Unal, Bengu TurkyilmazArsenic is a well-known element because of its toxicity. Humans as well as plants and animals are negatively affected by its exposure. Some countries suffer from high levels of arsenic in their tap water and soils, which is considered a primary arsenic-linked risk factor for living beings. Humans generally get exposed to arsenic by contaminated drinking waters, resulting in many health problems, ranging from cancer to skin diseases. On the other hand, the FDA-certified drug arsenic trioxide provides solutions for various diseases, including several types of cancers. This issue emphasizes the importance of speciation of the metalloid elements in terms of impacts on health. When species get exposed to arsenic, it affects the cells altering their involvement. It can lead to abnormalities in inflammatory mechanisms and the immune system which contribute to the negative impacts generated on the body. The poisoning originating from arsenic gives rise to various biological signs on the body which can be useful for the diagnosis. It is important to find true biomarkers for the detection of arsenic poisoning. In view of its application in medicine and biology, studies on understanding the biological activity of arsenic have increased. In this review, we aim at summarizing the current state of knowledge of arsenic and the mechanism behind its toxicity including genotoxicity, oxidative insults, epigenomic changes, and alterations in cellular signaling.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG HYBRID PEA LINES (PISUM SATIVUM L.) AS REVEALED BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Iqbal, Ajmal; Razzaq, Abdul; Hadi, Fazal; Nisar, Mohammad; Ozturk, Munir; Altay, VolkanInformation about genetic diversity among pea genotypes of Pakistan is limited. Molecular marker analysis is an important technique in analyzing the genetic diversity among pea providing useful information to broaden the genetic base of pea lines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among 24 hybrid pea lines using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. A total of 69 DNA fragments were generated by 20 RAPD markers, with an average of 3.45 cleanly detectable alleles per primer. Of these, 67 fragments (97.10%) were polymorphic among the total pea lines. Molecular weights of alleles ranging from 250 bp to 2000 bp. The minimum alleles (1) were amplified by the primer OPA 17. Whereas, maximum alleles (6) were amplified by primers OPA-13, OPA-19, OPA-20, OPB-11 and OPB-14 each. The average alleles/locus primer-1 was 3.45 and overall polymorphism was 97.10% that gave a promising indication to broaden the research horizon for investigation of genetic diversity in pea and only 2.9% bands showed monomorphic behaviour. The similarity indices based on all possible pairs of lines ranged from 0.43 to 0.92. The minimum similarity value of 0.43 was observed between PL-6 and PL-22 Similarity, closer to unity was observed between PL-11 and PL-15 (0.92). The results of the present investigation using RAPD markers have successfully revealed an informative DNA polymorphism among pea lines, which could be included into marker-assisted selection and breeding programs aspiring at genetic improvement of this nutritionally important crop species.Öğe Biomass and bioenergy: An overview of the development potential in Turkey and Malaysia(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Saba, Naheed; Altay, Volkan; Iqbal, Rizwan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Jawaid, Mohammad; Ibrahim, Faridah HanumAmong renewable energy sources, the share of biomass in total energy consumption in Turkey is increasing. Fuelwood and animal waste biomass are extensively used for heating and cooking in urban and rural areas. It has been estimated that Turkey has recoverable energy potential mainly originating from agricultural, livestock breeding, wood and forest processing, and municipality wastes. Annual production of wastes in the country amounts to 30 million tons. Turkey also produces 1.5 million tons of biodiesel, 3 million tons of bioethanol and 2.5-4.0 billion m(3) of biogas per year. In Turkey, total biomass production is expected to reach a level of 52.5 Mtoe by 2030. Malaysia produces annually approximately 168 million tons of biomass, including timber, oil palm waste, rice husks, coconut trunk fibers, municipal and sugarcane wastes. Every year, nearly 58 million tons of palm oil mill effluent are produced in Malaysia. It has been estimated that the country has the potential to generate around 15 billion m3 of biogas annually. Estimates also show that Malaysia can produce more than 2400 MW of biomass and 410 MW of biogas, however, only 773 MW of the total potential was harnessed until 2011. The National Biomass Strategy 2020 proposes a scenario according to which an additional 20 million tonnes of oil palm biomass could be utilized by the year 2020 for higher value uses, which could significantly contribute to improving Malaysia's economy. Both countries have good potential to use biomass resources, but political backing and sustainable planning are necessary. In this review article, we try to compare future energy scenarios, renewable energy and biomass potentials of Turkey and Malaysia, while providing an insight into data on different biomass availability and its probable contribution to both nations' economies.Öğe Botany(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Akcicek, ErenÖğe A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS USED IN THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF IGDIR (TURKEY), NAKHCHIVAN (AZERBAIJAN), AND TABRIZ (IRAN)(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2018) Ozturk, Munir; Altundag, Ernaz; Ibadullayeva, S. Jamshid; Altay, Volkan; Aslanipour, BehnazA total of 341 naturally distributed taxa belonging to 65 families are used in the traditional medicine in Igdir (Turkey), Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan), and Tabriz (Iran). Local people in three different regions generally use herbal remedies for digestive, respiratory, urogenital systems, as well as dermal, neurological and psyschological diseases. On the basis of localities three highly prevelant usesin Igdir are colds (32 taxa), stomach disorders (28 taxa), and cough (24 taxa); in Nakhchivan rheumatism (24 taxa), gastrointestinal disorders (24 taxa), and anthelmintic (20 taxa), and in Tabriz diuretic (24 taxa), fever (22 taxa), and cough (20 taxa). Our findings reveal that in these three areas belonging to three neighbouring countries 4 taxa are widely distributed and used almost forthe same applications; Glycyrrhiza glabra (for digestive and respiratory systems), Malus sylvestris ssp. orientalis (for respiratory system), Rosa canina (for digestive and urinogenital systems), and Urtica dioica (for digestive system). The studied areas show several resemblances from cultural and other aspects.Öğe Concluding Remarks and Future Directions of Research(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Akcicek, ErenÖğe Cultivation(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Akcicek, ErenÖğe Ecology(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Akcicek, ErenÖğe Economic Importance(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Akcicek, ErenÖğe Ecophysicological Aspects(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Akcicek, ErenÖğe ELUCIDATING SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SALT TOLERANCE IN BRASSICA NAPUS L. SEEDLINGS INDUCED BY SEED PRIMING WITH PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2021) Shahrasbi, Sedegh; Pirasteh-Anosheh, Hadi; Emam, Yahya; Ozturk, Munir; Altay, VolkanPresent study was undertaken to elucidate some physiological mechanisms of induced salt tolerance by different plant growth regulators (PGRs) in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Three salt stress levels were given; tapwater (0.7 dS m1), 6 dS m-1 and 12 dS m-1, which made by NaCl and CaCl2 as 2:1 molar ratio. The eight seed priming agents were included: dry seeds (no-priming), hydropriming and six PGRs primings. The used PGRs were; abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), salicylic acid (SA), chlorocholine chloride (CCC), ascorbic acid (AS) and brassinosteroid (Brs). The results revealed that salinity, depending on level, reduced seedling emergence, shoot and root growth, potassium (K+) concentration and enhanced sodium (Na+) concentration and antioxidant enzymes. These reductions could be attributed to oxidative stress and/or ion balance disturbance due to salinity stress. It is documented by reduced K+ and increased Na+ in both root and shoot as well as enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and H2O2 in salt stressed rapeseed seedlings. Higher storage factor (SF) refers to a higher ions content kept in roots rather than transporting these to the shoot as salinity level increased. PGRs priming modulates some negative effects of salt stress on emergence, growth and physiological functions of plants. In triggering the ameliorating role of PGRs, it appeared that the ratio of Na+ to K+ is more important than their individual concentrations. Moreover, H2O2 concentration was found to be a better key for estimation of the oxidative damage rather than antioxidative enzymes. Among the PGRs, SA and Brs showed better performance, and it seems that the main mechanism of action for SA was creating ion balance and changing ion partitioning in favor of roots. For Brs it appeared to be reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by inducing higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly catalase.Öğe Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants from Khoy city of West Azerbaijan- Iran(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2020) Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, Mehdi; Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Nojadeh, Mohsen Sabzi; Alakbarli, FaridThe main objective of this study was to gather information on the use of plants by native people along with therapies suggested by the conventional healers of Khoy. It was analyzed and some important indices including, frequency of citation (FC), cultural importance index (IC), use report (UR) and informants consensus factor (ICF) were calculated. A total of 123 plant taxa belonging to 46 families used for cure of various ailments are reported in this investigation. Among the plants evaluated Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae were the dominant families. the most repeatedly utilized parts are aerial parts (23.2%), followed by leaves (18%). Most frequently used method for consumption has been raw (19.7%), followed by infusion (16.5%). Maximum value of ICF was obtained in digestive system category (with 0.81), followed by respiratory and blood use categories (each with 0.80). Malva neglecta Walk. was the most cited plant, followed by Mentha longifolia (L.) L. and Plantago major L., Cichorium intybus L. and Salix aegyptiaca L. seem to be the most culturally important plants. the indices like IC and FC could be helpful in selecting important medicinal plant species for further pharmacological investigations in order to fmd new biologically active compounds.Öğe An experimental study on the effects copper and lead on the seedlings of some economically important vegetable species(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2023) Candan, Feyza; Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Yalcin, Ibrahim ErtugrulBioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in vegetables is closely related to the problems of safety concerns as they negatively affect plants in particular those consumed by the humans. Among the food systems the vegetables are the most noticeable foods affected by environmental pollution. Vegetables can take up the metals like copper and lead and store them in excessive levels. Keeping this in view this investigation was undertaken to study the effect of copper and lead concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 640, and 1280 mu M) and assess their toxic affects on germination and seedling growth at early stages of eight vegetable cultivars; kidney bean, peas, black-eyed bean, artichoke, kale, lettuce, rocket and radish. The results were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation statistical analysis. Our results indicate that the seeds of the vegetables studied by us are generally tolerant to both copper as well lead, except higher concentration exposures which showed no improvement when applied to artichoke (for Cu 1280 mu M) and lettuce seeds (Cu 1280 mu M; Pb 1280 mu M). An application of copper and lead ended up with a decrease in barium, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium and zinc content in all seedlings studied. In all vegetables exposed to copper and lead a promotion in copper and lead accumulation was recorded. There was a decrease in nutrient element intake which interrupted the mineral element uptake in the seedlings.Öğe Global Perspectives and Future Approaches(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Ozturk, Munir; Altay, Volkan; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Akcicek, ErenÖğe Growth and physio-biochemical responses of maize (Zea maysL.) to drought and heat stresses(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Ayub, Madiha; Ashraf, Muhammad Yasin; Kausar, Abida; Saleem, Salman; Anwar, Sumera; Altay, Volkan; Ozturk, MunirDrought and heat are major abiotic stresses that usually occur simultaneously and cause significant yield losses in cereal crops including maize (Zea maysL.). First, ten genotypes of maize were screened using root length stress tolerance indices under heat (40 degrees C for 2, 4 and 6 h) and drought (-0.2, -0.4, and -0.6 MPa) stress. Two tolerant and two sensitive genotypes were selected and their growth and different biochemical traits were analyzed under drought stress (60% field capacity), heat stress (one cycle of 40 degrees C for 6 hours) and combined drought and heat stress. the results showed that drought stress had a predominant effect over heat stress, whereas combined drought and heat stress caused significant adverse effects on all parameters. the biochemical attributes such as total soluble sugars (TSS), proline, and total free amino acids (TFAA) were increased, whereas total soluble proteins (TSP) and nitrate reductase activity were decreased as compared to controls under all stress treatments. Biomass was positively correlated with the transpiration rate and TSP, while negatively related to leaf temperature and TFAA. the tolerant genotypes maintained higher proline, TSP, TSS, and TFAA contents and could be used for breeding for the adaptation to drought and heat under climate change.Öğe Halophytes have potential as heavy metal phytoremediators: A comprehensive review(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Caparros, Pedro Garcia; Ozturk, Munir; Gul, Alvina; Batool, Tuba Sharf; Pirasteh-Anosheh, Hadi; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz; Altay, VolkanHalophytes are widely distributed worldwide and thrive in a wide range of environments such as coastal salt marshes, dunes, saline depressions, and inland deserts. They are also able to cope with heavy metal stress due to their developed morphological and physiological traits such as restricted entry of heavy metals through the root system, synthesis and storage of osmolytes such as proline, and intracellular complexation/chelation/compartmentalization of metal ions. Heavy metal-polluted areas result in yield losses of crops, higher environmental risks for the population, and a severe reduction in biodiversity of these areas. This review highlights studies on the heavy metal phytoremediation capacity of halophytic species from different plant families. An attempt has been made to include the pertinent information regarding heavy metal phytoremediation together with the most important characteristics of halophytes, followed by information on different studies conducted under controlled conditions or in natural environments related to heavy metal phytoremediation of different halophyte taxa from different families. The most promising species have been classified as phytoextractors or phytostabilizers together with recommendations for future research prospects in this topic.
