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Öğe Action plan to regain unnecessary deferred blood donors due to malaria risk in Turkey(2012) Degirmenci A.; Döşkaya M.; Caner A.; Nergis Ş.; Gül K.; Aydinok Y.; Ertop T.; Aksoy N.; Korkmaz M.; Alkan M.Z.; Üner A.; Gürüz Y.Malaria was expected to be a major problem during blood donation in Turkey due to existence of malaria cases in southeastern region of Turkey. The present study aimed for the first time, to investigate malaria in "donors deferred for malaria risk" and to determine the regional rates of malaria deferral in Turkey. Blood samples were collected from several Blood Banks of southeastern provinces where local malaria cases still exist and from Blood Bank of Ege University Medical School (EUMS) located in western Turkey where malaria is eradicated decades ago. Plasmodium spp. and specific antibodies were investigated by stained smears, antigen detection, PCR and ELISA. Among the donors deferred for malaria risk, Plasmodium spp. were not detected by microscopy, PCR or antigen detection. Seroprevalances were 2% and 3.92% in western and southeastern regions, respectively. Rate of donor deferral for malaria risk was 0.9% in EUMS and deferrals were exclusively because of travel to southeastern Turkey. In southeastern provinces, deferrals were mainly due to malaria like fever history. The present study first time assessed regional rates of donor deferral due to malaria risk in Turkey. Previously, malaria was expected to be a major problem during blood donation in Turkey due to existence of malaria cases in southeastern region of Turkey. The results of the study showed that 97% of the deferrals were unnecessary. In conclusion, to reduce unnecessary donor deferrals in Turkey, in addition to comprehensive questioning for malaria history, the usage of a malaria antibody screening method should be initiated prior to deferral decision. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.Öğe Comparisons of clinical findings and serological data in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis(2005) Özensoy Töz S.; Özbel Y.; Ertabaklar H.; Yildizli N.; Korkmaz M.; Alkan M.Z.This study aimed to evaluate clinical signs related with canine leishmaniosis (CanL) and to determine their relation with serological results in the differential diagnosis of this disease in dog populations. A total of 253 dogs from houses and a dog shelter in Kuşadasi, an endemic region for leishmaniosis, were investigated for clinical signs related to CanL. Sera collected from the study group were examined by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA), whole ELISA and rK39 ELISA tests for the serological diagnosis. Popliteal lymph node aspiration materials were examined for the parasitological diagnosis. Clinical signs were separated into two groups as cutaneous and visceral signs and no clinical signs were observed in 51.7% (131/253) of the dogs, while 48.3% (122/253) of the dogs had at least one sign. A total of 42 dogs [29 (23.7%) in the symptomatic and 13 (9.9%) in the asymptomatic group] were diagnosed as CanL serologically and/or parasitologically. Two strains were isolated and identified as Leishmania infantum MON-1. There was no correlation between IFAT titers and the number of the clinical signs (P > 0.05; R square = 0.002). Weight loss was found to be the most common sign of CanL while epistaxis was the least common but specific sign. The seropositivity ratio of CanL is 16.6% (42/253) among dogs in the region and clinical signs were found to be helpful for suspecting CanL but at least one serological and/or parasitological method should be performed for the accurate and differential diagnosis in the dogs. Our findings also showed that the one-third of the dogs in an endemic area for CanL could be asymptomatic. © TÜBİTAK.Öğe Diagnostic value of RK39 dipstick in zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Turkey(2004) Toz S.O.; Chang K.-P.; Ozbel Y.; Alkan M.Z.K39 is a repetitive immunodominant epitope in a kinesin-related protein expressed predominantly in the amastigotes of visceral Leishmania spp. Enzyme immunoassays of patient's sera with recombinant K39 (rK39) proved to be highly specific and sensitive for diagnosis of active visceral leishmaniasis (VL, kala-azar). The same assays in dipstick format were also found effective for diagnosis of both human VL (HVL) and canine VL (CanVL) in most endemic areas of these diseases. Fifty-eight human patients and 22 dogs, clinically suspected of kala-azar, were screened with rK39 dipstick in comparison with the conventional methods of diagnosis, i.e., microscopic examinations of bone marrow and lymph node aspirates and immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFAT), respectively. Sixteen patients and 12 dogs were found to be rK39 dipstick positive. The results were corroborated with those of parasitological examinations, except 1, rK39-positive but smear-negative, case in each group. IFAT of the 2 discordant cases gave positive results. The rK39 dipstick is thus reliable for diagnosis of both HVL and canVL cases in Turkey. © American Society of Parasitologists 2004.Öğe Hydatid lung cyst diagnosed by kinyoun staining of bronchoalveolar fluid(Elsevier Inc., 2001) Demirci M.; Unlu M.; Sahin U.; Alkan M.Z.[No abstract available]Öğe The molecular diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in fresh and formalin preserved fecal samples [Taze ve Formaldehitle Saklanmiş Dişki Orneklerinde Cryptosporidiosisin Moleküler Tanisi.](2009) Dirim Erdogan D.; Dagci H.; Turgay N.; Akarca U.S.; Alkan M.Z.The acid-fast staining method is widely used in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, a disease causing diarrhea in humans. However in this technique, some of Cryptosporidium spp oocysts can not be stained and seen as formed "ghost-like bodies" and which can only be evaluated by experienced microscopists. In the recent years, PCR technique which is proven to be also highly sensitive in diagnosis and genotyping, is used as an alternative method. In our study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PCR in diagnosis of cryptosporodiosis. Thirty-three stool samples, belonging to 22 patients who applied to Ege University Hospital, Parasitology Clinic between August 2001 - August 2003 and microscopically diagnosed as cryptosporodiosis has been included in the study. Twenty-three of these 33 samples were processed immediately, while ten samples were stored in 10% formalin. As the control group, 11 stool samples including 8 specimens with different parasites and 3 negative samples were selected. Nested-PCR is applied to all samples. The sensitivity and specifity of the method for fresh and formalin preserved samples were found to be 100% and 50%, respectively. As a conclusion, PCR technique is found to be useful for diagnosis in cryptosporodiosis patients with especially those including few oocysts in their fresh feces.Öğe Seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Kuşadasi, Turkey(2005) Özensoy Töz S.; Ertabaklar H.; Özbel Y.; Cüneyt Balcioglu I.; Yildizli N.; Alkan M.Z.Human and canine visceral leishmaniasis cases have been reported from Kuşadasi, a town in western Turkey, since 1993. In orcer to better understand the epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanVL) in the region, we aimed: (i) to determine the prevalence of CanVL in Kuşadasi using a randomly selected dog population and (ii) to measure the effect of case control on the prevalence of the disease. In this study, all 109 dogs kept at the dog shelter of Kuşadasi Municipality (reflecting random selectivity) were screened serologically using IFAT and rK39 ELISA in 1999. Ten dogs (9.1%) were seropositive or borderline in 1 of the 2 tests. Seropositive dogs (8) died spontaneously or were euthanized, while borderline dogs (2) underwent monthly serological examinations. One year later, in a second sampling, a total of 85 dogs were examined (27 previously tested and 58 new). Four dogs 4.7%) showed seropositivity. Seropositive dogs (2) were euthanized while borderline dogs (2) underwent monthly serological examinations. The reduction in the prevalence of the disease (from 9.1% to 4.7%) appears to be the result of culling CanVL positive dogs from the general population. © TÜBİTAK.
