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    Environmental temperatures shape thermal physiology as well as diversification and genome-wide substitution rates in lizards
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2019) Garcia-Porta, Joan; Irisarri, Iker; Kirchner, Martin; Rodriguez, Ariel; Kirchhof, Sebastian; Brown, Jason L.; MacLeod, Amy; Turner, Alexander P.; Ahmadzadeh, Faraham; Albaladejo, Gonzalo; Garcia-Porta, Joan; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka; De la Riva, Ignacio; Fawzi, Adnane; Galan, Pedro; Gocmen, Bayram; Harris, D. James; Jimenez-Robles, Octavio; Joger, Ulrich; Glavas, Olga Jovanovic; Karis, Mert; Koziel, Giannina; Kunzel, Sven; Lyra, Mariana; Miles, Donald; Nogales, Manuel; Oguz, Mehmet Anil; Pafilis, Panayiotis; Rancilhac, Lois; Rodriguez, Noemi; Rodriguez Concepcion, Benza; Sanchez, Eugenia; Salvi, Daniele; Slimani, Tahar; S'khifa, Abderrahim; Qashqaei, Ali Turk; Zagar, Anamarija; Lemmon, Alan; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Carretero, Miguel Angel; Carranza, Salvador; Philippe, Herve; Sinervo, Barry; Muller, Johannes; Vences, Miguel; Valero, Katharina C. Wollenberg
    Climatic conditions changing over time and space shape the evolution of organisms at multiple levels, including temperate lizards in the family Lacertidae. Here we reconstruct a dated phylogenetic tree of 262 lacertid species based on a supermatrix relying on novel phylogenomic datasets and fossil calibrations. Diversification of lacertids was accompanied by an increasing disparity among occupied bioclimatic niches, especially in the last 10 Ma, during a period of progressive global cooling. Temperate species also underwent a genomewide slowdown in molecular substitution rates compared to tropical and desert-adapted lacertids. Evaporative water loss and preferred temperature are correlated with bioclimatic parameters, indicating physiological adaptations to climate. Tropical, but also some populations of cool-adapted species experience maximum temperatures close to their preferred temperatures. We hypothesize these species-specific physiological preferences may constitute a handicap to prevail under rapid global warming, and contribute to explaining local lizard extinctions in cool and humid climates.