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Öğe The diet composition of european anchovy, engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) in İzmir bay, aegean sea(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Akalin S.; Sever T.M.; Ilhan D.; Unluoglu A.In this study, seasonal and size related variations in the diet composition of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) were studied. A total of 545 European anchovy individuals were collected from commercial purse-seine catches in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey) during 2005-2006. Overall, 498 of the stomachs were found with food items and 47 were empty. A total of 19 different prey groups were identified belonging to eight major systematic groups, i.e. Siphonophora, Polychaeta, Crustacea, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Appendicularia and Actinopterygii in the stomachs. Crustaceans (especially Copepoda) were the most important preys in terms of IRI% at all seasons and size groups. According to the Bray Curtis similarity index, while there were no significant differences in the diet composition among seasons, only the fishes bigger than 12 cm were seen different from other size groups. This study represents the most detailed information on the organisms in the diet of European anchovy from the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea. © 2019, Central Fisheries Research Inst. All rights reserved.Öğe Functional properties of bioactive components of milk fat in metabolism(2006) Akalin S.; Gönç S.; Ünal G.Milk fat contains a number of components having functional properties. Milk fat has fatty acids and membrane lipids that may exert antimicrobial effects either directly or upon digestion. Both sphingolipids and their active metabolites, ceramides and sphingosines, were determined as effective bactericidal agents on pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, studies with experimental animals have shown that feeding sphingolipids inhibits colon carcinogenesis, reduces serum LDL cholesterol and regulates immune system. It has been long known that the fat-soluble vitamins (A and E) are important in human nutrition. Provitamin A (•-carotene) has desirable properties in addition to its role of forming vitamin A, such as being an antioxidant and possibly causing tumour suppression. Butyric acid, a short chain fatty acid and a natural component of the animal metabolism, plays role in cell growth control, cell differentiation and inhibition of colon cancer. In recent years conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid found in milk fat, has been extensively reviewed. A wide range of health benefits of CLA has been shown in animal models including inhibition of carcinogenesis and atherosclerosis as well as immune stimulation. Furthermore, recent studies have also showed that CLA prevents the development of diabetes in the obese rats. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.Öğe Growth characteristics and reproduction of comber, Serranus Cabrilla (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Serranidae), in the Aegean sea(2010) Ilhan D.; Akalin S.; Tosunoglu Z.; Özaydin O.Background. Even though Serranus cabrilla has been a by-catch species in trawling operations, it is now becoming an economically important fish species on the Turkish Coast of Aegean Sea, because of its low market price. For an efficient fisheries management of the stocks it is important to know important biological parameters of the commercially exploited species. Therefore the aim of this study was to obtain necessary growth- and reproductive characteristics of comber representing the local population of this fish in the study area. Materials and Methods. Biological aspects of comber were examined based on a total of 1452 specimens collected from the Aegean Sea, during the period January 2005-December 2005. Age of fish was determined by otolith reading. Length-weight relation and the von Bertalanffy equation were used to evaluate the fish growth. Results. Annuli on otoliths indicated the presence of 6 age classes. The computed growth parameters were: L?= 23.88 cm; k = 0.298 year-1 and to= -1.577 year. The length-weight relations were calculated as:W= 0.0111 · L2.998 for sex combined. The growth performance index (?') was 2.230. The fish mature sexually for the first time at a total length of 13.20 cm (L50). The spawning season of comber was from March to May, with a peak in April. Conclusion. The comber grows rapidly attaining almost 75% of its linear growth during the first two years of life and then the growth slows down. The growth coefficient, (k), indicates slow attainment of maximum size because of significantly correlated to temperature of sea water, leading to a considerable variability in the life span between areas.Öğe The importance of probiotics in pediatrics(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006) Dinkçi N.; Ünal G.; Akalin S.; Gönç S.Probiotics have been defined as living microorganisms, which upon ingestion in certain numbers have beneficial effects on human health beyond inherent general nutrition. These effects are attributed to the restoration of increased intestinal permeability and unbalanced gut microflora, improvement of the intestine's immunological barrier functions and alleviation of the intestinal inflammatory response. The application of probiotics in pediatric practice currently lies in enhancing these barrier functions in the gut and reducing the risk of diseases associated with their dysfunction. It has been widely accepted that human milk is the best food for infants. Although human milk is the first choice for the newborn infant, milk substitutes play an indispensable role in infant nutrition when breast-feeding is not possible, desirable and sufficient. Infant milk formulas have been designed to provide infants with the required nutrients for optimal growth and development. In this concept probiotic bacteria (such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) have been successfully used in infant formulas. Several studies have been carried out using probiotic bacteria in the treatment or prevention of infectious diarrhea and allergic diseases. It has been also demonstrated that supplementing with Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 or Lactobacillus GG modifies the allergic inflammation in infants with atopic eczema. Furthermore a number of fermented dairy products have already been developed by using specially selected strains of lactobacillus and bifidobacteria for infant feeding. Although most of these products have been used safely for years, results of scientific researches should be evaluated carefully before routinely recommending these products, especially for children. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.Öğe On the growth of the scaldfish Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) from İzmir Bay, central Aegean Sea [Izmir Körfezi'ndeki (Ege Denizi) küçük pisi baliginin (Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792)) büyüme özellikleri üzerine](2010) Uçkun Ilhan D.; Akalin S.; Özaydin O.; Tosunoglu Z.; Leblebici S.Scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna) (n = 1892) were caught in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) from January 2005 to December 2006. Total length and weight of all specimens ranged from 3.9 to 16.0 cm and from 0.47 to 41.63 g, respectively. The overall ratio of females to males was 1:1.91. The length-weight relationships for females, males, and all specimens combined were estimated, respectively, as W = 0.0096 × L2.921, W = 0.0111 × L2.857, and W = 0.0096 × L2.917; and the parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equations were, respectively, L?= 17.58, 15.36, and 17.19 cm; k = 0.412, 0.461, and 0.495 year-1; and t0 = -0.379, -0.332, and -0.380 year. The growth performance index values (?') were 2.105, 2.036, and 2.165, respectively. © TÜBİTAK.Öğe Range expansion of silverstripe blaasop, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789), to the northern Aegean Sea(Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre, 2006) Bilecenoglu M.; Kaya M.; Akalin S.Following the recent occurrence of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Mediterranean Sea, our findings reveal that the species is now very common along the Levant coasts of Turkey. A specimen was recently captured in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea), representing its north-westernmost occurrence in the Mediterranean. The species has a potential risk to humans, since it contains tetrodotoxin (TTX) that maybe a source for food poisoning. © 2006 The Author(s).Öğe Some biological characteristics of the garfish (Belone belone L., 1761) in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea(2004) Uçkun D.; Akalin S.; Taşkavak E.; Togulga M.The present work was aimed at determining the growth parameters of the garfish, Belone belone, a commercially important pelagic fish species in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea). A total of 347 garfish specimens was collected during the period January-December 1997 from purse-seine boats operating in Izmir Bay. Fork length and total weight of the specimens ranged from 26.0 to 54.5 cm and from 16.51 to 281.73 g, respectively. Maximum age group determined was V for females and IV for males. Female : male ratio was 1 : 0.45. Most specimens belonged to age group II. The von Bertalanffy growth equations for length and weight were Lt = 62.71 (1 - e-0.237(t+1.566)) for both sexes. © 2004 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.Öğe Some parameters of the population biology of spotted flounder (Citharus linguatula Linnaeus, 1758) in Edremit Bay (North Aegean Sea)(2005) Türker Çakir D.; Bayhan B.; Hoşsucu B.; Ünlüoglu A.; Akalin S.A total of 1096 spotted flounder (Citharus linguatula Linnaeus, 1758) were caught in Edremit Bay from September 1998 to September 2000. Length-weight relationships, age, growth, mortality and sex ratio of the samples were investigated. Within the population of this species, most of the individuals in our samples ranged from 100 to 160 mm (69.63%), the minimum and maximum total lengths of the specimens being 69 and 222 mm, respectively. Positive allometric growth was observed for male, female and all fish. Age distribution of the samples was from I to IV. There was no significant difference between observed and calculated (von Bertalanffy and back calculation) average total lengths of the age groups (P > 0.05). The sex ratio (females:males) was 1:1.27. The total (Z), natural (M) and fishing mortality (F) rates, and the exploitation ratio (E) for all individuals were estimated respectively as Z = 0.60, M = 0.75, F = 0.15 and E = 0.25. This shows that the spotted flounder stock of Edremit Bay is being exploited at a lower than optimal level. © TÜBİTAK.
