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    Absorption of foliar-applied lead (Pb) in rice (Oryza sativa L.): A hydroponic experiment
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2018) Sardar M.F.; Ahmad H.R.; Zia-Ur-Rehman; Ozturk M.; Altay V.
    Metallic particulate matter has been released into the environment that can be deposited on aerial parts of vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems. Foliar transfer of metals and their fate in plant leaves is still unclear although it is contributor to the transfer of metals into plant body. The study was conducted with the objective of investigating the possible effects of various concentration levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L-1) of foliar-applied Pb on rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in half strength Johnson's nutrient solution. The results showed that increasing levels of lead application decreased fresh and dry weights of rice compared with control. Lead concentrations in roots increased with increasing rate of application. The overall results indicated bioaccumulation of foliar applied lead in rice plants. © by PSP.
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    Influence of farmyard manure on retention and availability of nickel, zinc and lead in metal-contaminated calcareous loam soils
    (Taylor and Francis, 2017) Aziz M.A.; Ahmad H.R.; Corwin D.L.; Sabir M.; Hakeem K.R.; Öztürk M.
    Continuous irrigation of soils with untreated effluents can result in the accumulation and translocation of some metals in the soils and plants. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) to such soils may increase or decrease their availability and retention time. Calcareous soils contaminated with 100, 200, and 400mg kg–1 Ni, Zn, and Pb as chloride salts were used, and farmyard manure added (40g kg–1 for 90 days) with moisture contents at field capacity. Soil samples were drawn at 30 day intervals, and metals extracted with (AB-DTPA) C14H23NO3O10. With FYM application of 400 mg kg–1, Ni availability increased from 179 (day 30) to 240 mg kg–1 (day 90); Zn from 163 (day 30) to 230 mg kg–1 (day 90), but, Pb decreased from 214 to 161 mg kg–1. FYM forms multi-dentate complex which greatly enhances the Ni and Zn solubility, and organic matter immobilizes Pb in the soil. © 2017 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) Press.
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    Phytoremediation: Mechanisms and Adaptations. Mechanisms and Adaptations.
    (Elsevier Inc., 2015) Sabir M.; Waraich E.A.; Hakeem K.R.; Öztürk M.; Ahmad H.R.; Shahid M.
    Metal contamination of soils is ubiquitous around the globe. Metals accumulate in the soils to toxic levels that may lead to accumulation of metals in plants to unacceptable levels. Metal accumulation is a subject of serious concern due to the threat to plant growth, soil quality, animal and human health. Cleaning up of the soils to remove metals is a current necessity, but it is a challenging task. Different technologies being used nowadays are ex situ which ensues in destruction of soil structure thus leaving it non-useable with poor vegetative cover. Growing plants to clean up the soils is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative. Phytoremediation seems attractive due to non-invasive and non-destructive technology which leaves the soil intact and biologically productive. Plants use different adaptive mechanisms to accumulate or exclude metals, thus maintaining their growth. Accumulation and tolerance of metals by the plants is a complex phenomenon. Movement of metals across the root membrane, loading and translocation of metals through the xylem and sequestration and detoxification of metals at cellular and whole plant levels are important mechanisms adopted by accumulator plants. Understanding the mechanism involved in phytoremediation is necessary to effectively use this technique for metal-contaminated soils. This chapter discusses different mechanisms adopted by plants for remediation of metal-contaminated soils. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.