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    Critical time point for apoptotic cell death in an experimental ischemia/reperfusion model and the effect of N-acetylcystein
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2017) Ozsarlak-Sozer, Gonen; Emre, Mustafa; Demirkol, Serhat; Acikalin, Arbil; Cetiner, Salih; Topcu, Zeki; Demir-Dora, Devrim
    Objective: Kidney transplantation is an important treatment option in end stage renal failure. Tissue death may be an important problem when a kidney is removed from a cadaver and transported to a donor a long distance away. The purpose of this study is to determine the critical time point for apoptotic cell death in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model and determine the effects of N-acetylcystein on apoptosis induced by ischemia injury. Methods: Apoptotic cell death after induced renal ischemia followed by reperfusion, was estimated in a group of Wistar albino rats by immunoflourescence and ELISA techniques. N-acetylcystein, an antioxidant agent, was given to the rats to study the effect on apoptosis. Tissues were examined immunohistochemically at 0, 1 h, 24 h, 5 days and 10 days for detection of apoptotic cells. Results: Our results showed that an ischemia for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min triggered apoptosis. Moreover, N-acetylcystein significantly diminished both the ischemia/reperfusion damage and apoptosis. Conclusion: We anticipate our results would be important for kidney transplantation in estimating the critical time point for apoptosis and administration of N-acetylcystein prior to removal of the organ may be important in delaying the onset of apoptosis.
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    A Retrospective Multicenter Evaluation of Cutaneous Melanomas in Turkey
    (Asian Pacific Organization Cancer Prevention, 2014) Gamsizkan, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Ismail; Buyukbabani, Nesimi; Demirkesen, Cuyan; Demiriz, Murat; Cetin, Emel Dikicioglu; Ince, Umit; Akalin, Taner; Demirkan, Nese Calli; Lebe, Banu; Erdem, Ozlem; Gokoz, Ozay; Sakiz, Damlanur; Demireli, Peyker Temiz; Astarci, Hesna Muzeyyen; Adim, Saduman Balaban; Zemheri, Itir Ebru; Acikalin, Arbil; Yaman, Banu; Aydin, Ovgu; Bassorgun, Cumhur Ibrahim
    Background: We defined melanoma distribution in a large series of Turkish patients and evaluated the prognostic parameters of melanomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 1574 patients' data was retrospectively collected at 18 centers in Turkey. Demographic characteristics were questioned and noted. Prognostic parametres were evaluated based on sentinel lymph node involvement. Results: Mean age was 56.7 (4-99) years. While 844 (53.6%) cases were male, 730 (46.4%) cases were female. One thousand four hundred forty-seven (92%) cases were invasive melanoma and 127 (8%) cases were in-situ melanoma. The most common histopathological form was the superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) which was found in 549 patients (37.9%). It was followed by nodular melanoma in 379 (26.2%), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) in 191 (13.2%) and lentigo maligna melanoma in 132 (9.1%), respectively. On univariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), tumor thickness (p<0.001), histopathological subtype (p<0.001), Clark level (p=0.001), ulceration (p<0.001), >= 6/mm(2) mitosis (p=0.005), satellite formation (p=0.001) and gender (p=0.03) were found to be associated with sentinel lymph node positivity. Regression was associated with sentinel lymph node negativity (p=0.017). According to multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion and tumor thickness were significant independent predictive factors of SLN positivity. Patient age, tumor localization, precursor lesions, lymphocytic infiltration and neurotropism were not related with sentinel lymph node involvement. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, it was found that the prevalence of SSM is at a lower rate while the prevalence of ALM is at a higher rate when compared to western countries. According to Breslow index; most of the melanoma lesions' thickness were greater than 2 mm, corresponding Clark IV. Vascular invasion and tumor thickness are the most important factors for sentinel lymph node involvement.