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    Influenza viruses types in 2010-2011 winter season and effectiveness of oseltamivir treatment [2010-2011 ki{dotless}ş sezonunda görülen İnfluenza virüsü tipleri ve tedavide oseltamivir'in etkinligi]
    (2012) Ceyhan M.; Öncel E.K.; Badur S.; Ciblak M.A.; Alhan E.; Çelik U.S.; Kurugöl Z.; Saz E.U.; Özsürekçi Y.; Çelik M.; Parlakay A.O.
    Objective: The aim of this multicentric prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new bioequivalent formulation of oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza A, influenza B and H1N1 during the 2010- 2011 influenza season. Materials and Methods: We compared the symptoms and signs of 300 pediatric patients presenting to three University hospitals with an influenza-like illness, between January and March 2011. Nasal swab specimens were collected from all children and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for influenza viruses. After randomization, half of the participants were prescribed oseltamivir, while the other half were observed conservatively. Forty patients who were followed-up for influenza prior to the study were also included into the evaluation. Results: Influenza was confirmed by RT-PCR in 129 children, 71 of whom were prescribed oseltamivir. The durations of symptoms such as fever, cough, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were significantly shorter for patients who were treated with oseltamivir compared with untreated patients (for all symptoms p<0.002). Early initiation of oseltamivir therapy (within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms) was associated with more favorable outcomes and a earlier recovery than in patients for whom treatment was delayed (beyond 48 hours). Thirty-seven patients (28.6%) had H1N1, 44 (34.1%) had influenza A, 46 (35.6%) had influenza B, 1 (0.75%) had H1N1 plus influenza A and 1 (0.75%) had influenza A plus influenza B viruses. In the comparison of the duration of symptoms in different virus types, a statistically significant difference was only observed in patients with influenza B, who had a longer duration of cough (p<0.001), nasal congestion (p<0.001) and rhinorrhea (p<0.001). Conclusion: Oseltamivir is an effective treatment for the management of seasonal influenza and H1N1, and should be initiated immediately without waiting for laboratory confirmation of diagnosis.
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    Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with invasive diseases in Turkey: 2008–2014
    (Taylor and Francis Inc., 2016) Ceyhan M.; Ozsurekci Y.; Gürler N.; Öksüz L.; Aydemir S.; Ozkan S.; Yuksekkaya S.; Keser Emiroglu M.; Gültekin M.; Yaman A.; Kiremitci A.; Yanık K.; Karli A.; Ozcinar H.; Aydin F.; Bayramoglu G.; Zer Y.; Gulay Z.; Gayyurhan E.D.; Gül M.; Özakın C.; Güdücüoğlu H.; Perçin D.; Akpolat N.; Ozturk C.; Camcıoğlu Y.; Karadağ Öncel E.; Çelik M.; Şanal L.; Uslu H.
    Successful vaccination policies for protection from invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) dependent on determination of the exact serotype distribution in each country. We aimed to identify serotypes of pneumococcal strains causing IPD in children in Turkey and emphasize the change in the serotypes before and after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was included and PCV-13 was newly changed in Turkish National Immunization Program. Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated at 22 different hospitals of Turkey, which provide healthcare services to approximately 65% of the Turkish population. Of the 335 diagnosed cases with S. pneumoniae over the whole period of 2008–2014, the most common vaccine serotypes were 19F (15.8%), 6B (5.9%), 14 (5.9%), and 3 (5.9%). During the first 5 y of age, which is the target population for vaccination, the potential serotype coverage ranged from 57.5 % to 36.8%, from 65.0% to 44.7%, and from 77.4% to 60.5% for PCV-7, PCV-10, and PCV-13 in 2008–2014, respectively. The ratio of non-vaccine serotypes was 27.2% in 2008–2010 whereas was 37.6% in 2011–2014 (p=0.045). S. penumoniae serotypes was less non-susceptible to penicillin as compared to our previous results (33.7 vs 16.5 %, p=0.001). The reduction of those serotype coverage in years may be attributed to increasing vaccinated children in Turkey and the increasing non-vaccine serotype may be explained by serotype replacement. Our ongoing IPD surveillance is a significant source of information for the decision-making processes on pneumococcal vaccination. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.