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    EUROASPIRE-IV: European Society of Cardiology study of lifestyle, risk factors, and treatment approaches in patients with coronary artery disease: Data from Turkey [EUROASPIRE-IV: Avrupa Kardiyoloji Dernegi'nin koroner arter hastalarinda yaşam tarzi, risk faktörleri ve tedavi yaklaşimi üzerine çalişmasi: Türkiye verileri]
    (Turkish Society of Cardiology, 2017) Tokgözoglu L.; Kayikçioglu M.; Altay S.; Aydogdu S.; Barçin C.; Bostan C.; Çakmak H.A.; Çatakoglu A.B.; Emet S.; Ergene O.; Kalkan A.K.; Kaya B.; Kaya C.T.; Kaymaz C.; Koylan N.; Kültürsay H.; Oguz A.; Özpelit E.; Ünlü S.
    Objective: Data from EUROASPIRE-IV Turkey report investigating risk factors and adherence to guidelines in patients hospitalized for coronary artery disease are presented and results are compared with those of EUROASPIRE-III Turkey and EUROASPIRE-IV Europe. Methods: Study was performed in 24 European countries, including Turkey (17 centers). Patients (18-80 years old) hospitalized for coronary (index) event during preceding 3 years were identified from hospital records and interviewed ?6 months later. Patient information regarding index event was acquired from hospital records. Anamnesis was obtained during the interview, and physical examination and laboratory analyses were performed. Results: Median age at the index coronary event was 58.8 years, and it was significantly decreased compared with last EU-ROASPIRE-III study (60.5 years), which was conducted at the same centers 6 years earlier (p=0.017). Of all patients, 19.3% were under 50 years of age and mean age was lower than that of EUROASPIRE-IV Europe (62.5 years). Comparing EUROASPIRE-IV Turkey with EUROASPIRE-III Turkey, rate of smokers increased to 25.5% from 23.1% (p=0.499), obesity increased to 40.7% from 35.5% (p=0.211), total cholesterol level increased to 49.6% from 48.3% (p=0.767), and diabetes rate increased to 39.7% from 33.6% (p=0.139), however none of the differences reached a level of statistical significance. Only 11.7% of the smokers quit after coronary event. Rates for these factors were lower in EUROASPIRE-IV Europe (16% for smoking, 37.6% for obesity, and 26.8% for diabetes). Conclusion: EUROASPIRE-IV Turkey data revealed that secondary prevention was unsatisfactory and had progressed unfavorably compared with last EUROASPIRE study, some risk factors were more uncontrolled than overall European average, and coronary artery events at young age remain an important problem. © 2017 Türk Kardiyoloji Dernegi.
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    Frequency of cardiovascular diseases and drug use in Turkish elderly population followed up at cardiology clinics: The Elderturk study [Kardiyoloji kliniklerinde takip edilen yaşli Türk nüfusunda kardiyovasküler hastalik sikliği ve ilaç kullanimi: Elderturk çalişmasi]
    (Geriatrics Society, 2017) Zoghi M.; Özyüncü N.; Özal E.; Çakmak H.A.; Yayla Ç.; İçli A.; Özyildiz A.G.; Öncel C.R.; Akboğa M.K.; Köse N.; Küçük M.; Tokgözoğlu L.
    Introduction: In Turkey, there is a lack of data on the frequency of cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, co-morbid diseases, and drug usage among the elderly population. We aimed to compile a data of frequency of cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk factors, concomitant diseases, and drug usage among elderly patients visiting cardiology clinics in Turkey. Materials and Method: This non-interventional, multicenter study evaluated 5694 patients aged 65 years or older and who were followed up at cardiology clinics. Cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, co-morbidities, and medication use were surveyed. Results: Mean age of patients was 73.5±6.3 years (males: 49.8%). The frequency rates were 73% for hypertension, 28.8% for diabetes mellitus, 35% for hyperlipidemia, 50% for previous myocardial infarction, 27.3% for atrial fibrillation, and 11.5% for chronic renal failure. The body mass index of participants was 27.7±4.4 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure was 130±18 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was 77.1±11 mmHg, and resting heart rate was 76±14 bpm, 66.3% of the study population used beta blockers, 71.7% angiotensin system inhibitors, 59.6% diuretics, 7.9% digoxin, 30.5% calcium channel blockers, 34% lipid-lowering agents, 71.5% acetylsalicylic acid, and 25.9% oral anticoagulants. The most common non-cardiovascular medications were vitamins (12.3%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (11.2%). Conclusion: Valuable data of Turkey’s elderly population at cardiology clinics, pertaining to cardiovascular and co-morbid diseases was collected. The identification of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases as well as concomitant diseases, and medication use in elderly patients may lead to interventions that could improve the health of elderly in the general population. © 2017, Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved.
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    Is there a gender gap in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease in Turkey? [Türkiye’de koroner arter hastalığından ikincil korunmada cinsiyet etkisi var mıdır?]
    (Turkish Society of Cardiology, 2018) Koçyiğit D.; Tokgözoğlu L.; Kayıkçıoğlu M.; Altay S.; Aydoğdu S.; Barçın C.; Bostan C.; Çakmak H.A.; Çatakoğlu A.B.; Emet S.; Ergene O.; Kalkan A.K.; Kaya B.; Kaya C.; Kaymaz C.; Koylan N.; Kültürsay H.; Oğuz A.; Özpelit E.; Ünlü S.
    Objective: It has been reported that women receive fewer preventive recommendations regarding pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modifications, and cardiac rehabilitation compared with men who have a similar risk profile. This study was an investigation of the impact of gender on cardiovascular risk profile and secondary prevention measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Turkish population. Methods: Statistical analyses were based on the European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention through Intervention to Reduce Events (EUROASPIRE)-IV cross-sectional survey data obtained from 17 centers in Turkey. Male and female patients, aged 18 to 80 years, who were hospitalized for a first or recurrent coronary event (coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, acute myocardial infarction, or acute myocardial ischemia) were eligible. Results: A total of 88 (19.7%) females and 358 males (80.3%) were included. At the time of the index event, the females were significantly older (p=0.003) and had received less formal education (p<0.001). Non-smoking status (p<0.001) and higher levels of depression and anxiety (both p<0.001) were more common in the female patients. At the time of the interview, conducted between 6 and 36 months after the index event, central obesity (p<0.001) and obesity (p=0.004) were significantly more common in females. LDL-C, HDL-C or HbA1c levels did not differ significantly between genders. The fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher (p=0.003) and hypertension was more common in females (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in an increase in physical activity or weight loss after the index event between genders, and there was no significant difference between genders regarding continuity of antiplatelet, statin, beta blocker or ACEi/ARB II receptor blocker usage (p>0.05). Conclusion: Achievement of ideal body weight, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure targets was lower in women despite similar reported medication use. This highlights the importance of the implementation of lifestyle measures and adherence to medications in women. © 2018 Turkish Society of Cardiology.