Okur B.Örçen N.Okur N.2024-08-312024-08-312023978-111991199-9978-111991196-8https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119911999.ch14https://hdl.handle.net/11454/103830In view of rapidly increasing human population and demand for diverse food items crop production must increase substantially if food security is to be ensured. At the same time, arable land and good-quality irrigation water resources are being depleted at faster rate particularly in the arid, semi-arid, and tropical regions. Over the years the salinization of soil and water has steadily increased due to various causes. Agricultural salinity and sodicity of soils and irrigation waters are a very important environmental problem in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Soil salinity is considered one of the most agricultural problems affecting the productivity of many agricultural crops, with negative effects on germination, plant vigor, and yields. Salt stress is a major problem happening in almost all the world recently. For sustainable agriculture and crop production, saline soils can be improved by growing salt-resistant crops, washing with quality water and drainage, plowing the salt-affected area deeply and mixing the lower and upper soil layers together, applying minerals some organic and other inorganic improving materials to the soil. Another modern method is crop-growing with salt-friendly crops and inoculating of soil halo-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. All these practices will bring salt-affected soils to a position where we can make sustainable production. Nutritional status of these soils can be improved by applying fertilizers, growing leguminous crops, green manuring, employing zero tillage practices, and crop rotation, etc. By adopting these strategies, degraded soils can be restored, and economic losses due to land degradation can be minimized. However, the point that should not be forgotten here is that the measures we need to take in order not to make our soils salty are more important and economically cheaper. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.en10.1002/9781119911999.ch14info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessphytoremediationreclamationsaline soilssoil improving materialssoil salinityBook Chapter3193372-s2.0-85199633676N/A