Karatay O.Duranli M.2019-10-262019-10-2620121301-05491301-0549https://hdl.handle.net/11454/18270Joseph, the last ruler of Khazaria whose name is known to us and who ruled in the mid-10th century, gives significant and authoritative information about his domain in his reply to Hasdai ben Shaprut, the advisor of the Andalusian Umeyyed Caliph Abdurrahman III, who sought to learn about Khazaria. Since no book or inscription has reached us from the Khazarians, this letter, besides two others, is a very important source of history in the sense that it provides first-hand knowledge. This essay contains a translation of the reply letter, and the explanation of the technical terms within it.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessJewryJudaismKhazariaKhazariansQagan JosephThe Khazarian correspondenceArticle64199230Q3