Yerli yapım mekanik tahıl ekim makinalarının serpme ekime uyarlanması için uygun gömücü ayak tiplerinin geliştirilmesi üzerinde bir araştırma
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1988
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
112 6. ÖZET Yapılan çalışmanın amacı, buğdayı tohum yatağına belirli bir derinlikte ve mümkün olduğu kadar homojen bir şekilde serperek ekmek, böylece tarladaki gereksiz boşlukları azaltarak verimde bir artışa ulaşmaktır. Bu çalışma sırasında yapılan laboratuvar denemelerinde; Ege üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Bölümünde mevcut bazı makinalara ekler yapılmak suretiyle oluşturulan, - Frezeli Serpme Ekim Makinası - Toprak Elevatörlü Serpme Ekim Makinası - Çarpma Borulu Kazayaklı Serpme Ekim Makinası - Çarpma Plakalı Kazayaklı Serpme Ekim Makinası kullanılmış ve bu makinalarm ekim performansları ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Serpme ekim makinalarmın performans değerlerini saptamak amacıyla, laboratuvarda yapılan denemeler sırasında düz ve değişik çalışma konumlarında çapraz tohum dağılım düzgünlüğü ile alandaki tohum dağılıra düzgünlükleri bulunmuştur. Ayrıca her makina için en uygun çalışma hızı saptanmıştır. Toprak kanalındaki denemelerle serpme ekim makinalarmın ekim derinliğindeki düzgünlükleri ortaya konulmuştur. Tarla denemelerinde ise pullukla sürülerek, diskaro ve kombikürümler ile düzeltilen deneme tarlasında yukarıda sözü edilen 4 serpme ekim makinasma ek olarak bir adet normal sıravari ekim makinası ile ekim yapılmıştır. Daha sonra filizlenen bitkiler sayılarak tarla filiz çıkış derecesi, serpme ekim makinalarmın çapraz (enine) bitki113 dağılım düzgünlükleri ve alandaki bitki dağılıra düzgünlükleri bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarını şu şekilde özetlemek mümkündür. Laboratuvar denemelerinde; - Denemeye alman bütün serpme ekim makinaları ile alanda iyi bir tohum dağılımı elde edilmiştir. - Prezeli serpme ekim makinasmda, yana meyil çapraz tohum dağılım düzgünlüğünün düze göre bir miktar bozulmasına neden olmuş fakat bu bozulma yapılan testlerle önemli bulunmamıştır, öne ve özellikle arkaya meyil çapraz dağılımı olumlu yönde etkilemiştir (Ek Çizelge 1 b).Bu makina ile uygun çalışma hızı 1-1.5 m/s lik hız aralığıdır (Ek Çizelge 1 a). - Toprak elevator lü serpme ekim makinasmda, % 15 yana meyil, çapraz tohum dağılım düzgünlüğünü olumsuz yönde etkilerken öne ve arkaya meyiller dağılımın iyileşmesine neden olmuştur (Ek Çizelge 2 c). Bu makina ile 1-1.5 m/s lik hız aralığı uygun çalışma hızıdır (Ek çizelge 2 a). - Çarpma borulu kazayaklı serpme ekim makinasmda, öne ve arkaya meyi İler, çapraz tohum dağılım düzgünlüğünü bozmuştur. Uygun çalışma hızı 2 m/s.(Ek çizelge 3c, 3a.) - Çarpma plakalı kazayaklı serpme ekim makinası ile yana meyilde yapılan çalışmalar, çapraz tohum dağılımının bozulmasına neden olmuş ve meyil derecesi arttıkça, bu bozulmada bariz bir şekilde artmıştır (Ek Çizelge 4b, 4 d). % 15 arkaya meyil, çapraz dağılımın düzelmesine neden olmuştur (Ek Çizelge 4 d). Bu makina ile uygun çalışma hızı 2 m/s dir (Ek çizelge 4a).ll£> Toprak Kanalı Denemelerinde; Ekim derinliğindeki düzgünlük açısından çarpma plakalı kazayaklı serpme ekim makinası en iyi durumdadır (S = 6.3 - 7.6 mm). Bu makinayı çok az farkla toprak elevator lü serpme ekim makinası (S =7.1 - 8.1 mm) ve çarpma borulu kazayaklı serpme ekim makinası (S=7.2-9.2mm) izlemektedir. Frezeli serpme ekim makinası ekim derinliğindeki düzgünlük yönünden diğer serpme ekim makinalarına göre (S = 15.02-15.45 mm) en kötü durumdadır (Çizelge 32). Tarla Denemelerinde; - Frezeli serpme ekim makinası dışındaki bütün serpme ekim makinaları ile alanda iyi bir bitki dağılımı elde edilmiştir. - Çapraz bitki dağılımı yönünden en iyi durumda olan serpme ekim makinası toprak elevatörlü serpme ekim makinasıdır (CV = % 10.4). Bu makinayı sırasıyla çarpma borulu kazayaklı serpme ekim makinası (CV=%14.5), çok az farkla çarpma plakalı kazayaklı serpme ekim makinası (CV = % 14.7) ve frezeli serpme ekim makinası (CV = % 15.6) izlemiştir (Çizelge 27). - Tarla filiz çıkış dereceleri ele alındığında yine ilk sırayı toprak elevatörlü serpme ekim makinasmın aldığı görülmüştür (T.F.Ç.D.= % 71.47). Daha sonra sırasıyla çarpma borulu kazayaklı (T.F.Ç.D.=%65.69), çarpma plakalı kazayaklı (T.F.Ç.D.= % 60.55) ve frezeli serpme ekim makinaları (T.F.Ç.D.= % 60.50) gelmiştir. Normal sıravari ekim makinasmın Tarla Filiz Çıkış Derecesi % 66.10 dur (Çizelge 33)
115 6. SUMMARY The aim of this research was to drill the wheat with broadcasting in seed-bed at fixed depth and in form of homogen as far as possible, thus, to reach the increasing of yield with decreasing the unnecessary vacant space. It has been used in laboratory trials; - Seed broadcasting machine with rotorator - Seed broadcasting machine with soil elevator - Seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps. - Seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps. Which have been formed by means of adding to some machines existed at Agricultural Mechanization Department of Agricultural Faculty of Agean University, and drilling performances of these machines have been found out. Uniformities of cross seed distribution and of seed distribution in space have been found out in level and different working conditional laboratory trials with the aim of determining the performance values of seed broadcasting machines. In addition to these, working speed which is suitable for every machines has been determined. Uniformities at seeding depth of seed broadcasting machines have been found out with trials in soil canal. At field trials, experimental plots have been drilled with a normal drilling machine and four different 4 seed broadcasting machines discussed above. The plots have been levelled by combicrumble and disc-harrowed after ploughing. After counting of sprouted plants, the rate of seedling emergence (RSE), uniformities of cross plant116 distribution and of plant distribution in space of seed broadcasting machines have been found. The results of this research could be summarized as follows: At laboratory trials; - It has been obtained good seed distribution with all seed broadcasting machines used in trial. - Side inclining deteriorated the uniformities of cross seed distribution a little than level position in seed broadcasting machine with rotovator, but it has been found unimportant. Front, especially back inclining effected cross seed distribution positively (Additional diagram l.b). Suitable working speed of this machine is 1-1.5 m/s ( additional diagram 1. a ). - 15 percent side inclining effected the uniformities of cross seed distribution negatively, and, front and back inclining caused to improve distribution in seed broadcasting machine (additional diagram 2.c). Between 1-1.5 m/s working speed is suitable with this machine (additional diagram 2. a). - Front and back inclining deteriorated the uniformities of cross seed distribution in seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps. - Examining with seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps at side inline caused to deteriorate cross seed distribution and, as side inclining increase, this deterioration increased prominenly (additional diagram 4.b, 4.d). 15 percent back inclining caused to improve cross seed distribution (additional diagram 4.d). Suitable working speed is 2 m/s with this machine (add. diagram 4. ah117 At trials in soil canal; The seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps is the best stage with regard to uniformities at seeding depth (s = 6.3-7.6 mm). Seed broadcasting machine with soil elevator with a little difference (s = 7.1-8.1 mm) and seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps (s = 7.2-9.2 mm) follows this machine. Seed broadcasting machine with rotovator is in the worst stage (s = 15.02-15.45 mm) than the other of seed broadcasting machine with regard to uniformities at seeding depth (diagram 32). At field trials; - Good plant distribution in the field has been obtained with all seed broadcasting machines except seed broadcasting machine with rotovator. - Seed broadcasting machine which is in the best stage with regard to cross plant distribution is seed broadcasting machine with soil elevator (cv =10.4 % ). Seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps (cv = 14.5 %), seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps (cv = 14.7 %) with a little difference, and seed broadcasting machine with rotovator (cv = 15.6 %) follow this machine respectively. - It has been seen that seed broadcastion machine with elevator gave the best seedling emergence rate (RSE = 71.47 %). Then, seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps (RSE = 65.69 %), with strike plates and sweeps (RSE = 60.55 %), and with roto vator (RSE = 60.50 %) follow respectively. The rate of seedling emergence of normal drills is 66.10 % (diagram 33).
115 6. SUMMARY The aim of this research was to drill the wheat with broadcasting in seed-bed at fixed depth and in form of homogen as far as possible, thus, to reach the increasing of yield with decreasing the unnecessary vacant space. It has been used in laboratory trials; - Seed broadcasting machine with rotorator - Seed broadcasting machine with soil elevator - Seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps. - Seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps. Which have been formed by means of adding to some machines existed at Agricultural Mechanization Department of Agricultural Faculty of Agean University, and drilling performances of these machines have been found out. Uniformities of cross seed distribution and of seed distribution in space have been found out in level and different working conditional laboratory trials with the aim of determining the performance values of seed broadcasting machines. In addition to these, working speed which is suitable for every machines has been determined. Uniformities at seeding depth of seed broadcasting machines have been found out with trials in soil canal. At field trials, experimental plots have been drilled with a normal drilling machine and four different 4 seed broadcasting machines discussed above. The plots have been levelled by combicrumble and disc-harrowed after ploughing. After counting of sprouted plants, the rate of seedling emergence (RSE), uniformities of cross plant116 distribution and of plant distribution in space of seed broadcasting machines have been found. The results of this research could be summarized as follows: At laboratory trials; - It has been obtained good seed distribution with all seed broadcasting machines used in trial. - Side inclining deteriorated the uniformities of cross seed distribution a little than level position in seed broadcasting machine with rotovator, but it has been found unimportant. Front, especially back inclining effected cross seed distribution positively (Additional diagram l.b). Suitable working speed of this machine is 1-1.5 m/s ( additional diagram 1. a ). - 15 percent side inclining effected the uniformities of cross seed distribution negatively, and, front and back inclining caused to improve distribution in seed broadcasting machine (additional diagram 2.c). Between 1-1.5 m/s working speed is suitable with this machine (additional diagram 2. a). - Front and back inclining deteriorated the uniformities of cross seed distribution in seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps. - Examining with seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps at side inline caused to deteriorate cross seed distribution and, as side inclining increase, this deterioration increased prominenly (additional diagram 4.b, 4.d). 15 percent back inclining caused to improve cross seed distribution (additional diagram 4.d). Suitable working speed is 2 m/s with this machine (add. diagram 4. ah117 At trials in soil canal; The seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps is the best stage with regard to uniformities at seeding depth (s = 6.3-7.6 mm). Seed broadcasting machine with soil elevator with a little difference (s = 7.1-8.1 mm) and seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps (s = 7.2-9.2 mm) follows this machine. Seed broadcasting machine with rotovator is in the worst stage (s = 15.02-15.45 mm) than the other of seed broadcasting machine with regard to uniformities at seeding depth (diagram 32). At field trials; - Good plant distribution in the field has been obtained with all seed broadcasting machines except seed broadcasting machine with rotovator. - Seed broadcasting machine which is in the best stage with regard to cross plant distribution is seed broadcasting machine with soil elevator (cv =10.4 % ). Seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps (cv = 14.5 %), seed broadcasting machine with strike plates and sweeps (cv = 14.7 %) with a little difference, and seed broadcasting machine with rotovator (cv = 15.6 %) follow this machine respectively. - It has been seen that seed broadcastion machine with elevator gave the best seedling emergence rate (RSE = 71.47 %). Then, seed broadcasting machine with strike pipes and sweeps (RSE = 65.69 %), with strike plates and sweeps (RSE = 60.55 %), and with roto vator (RSE = 60.50 %) follow respectively. The rate of seedling emergence of normal drills is 66.10 % (diagram 33).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Ekim makineleri, Seeders, Tarımsal mekanizasyon, Agricultural mechanization
