Asmada F1 genotiplerde marköre dayalı seleksiyon ile çekirdeksiz ve bazı fungal hastalıklara dayanıklı bireylerin belirlenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Üzüm dünya çapında ekonomik olarak önemli bir meyve türüdür ve farklı iklim koşullarına uyum sağlayabilen geniş çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Üzüm ıslahında öncelikli hedefler çekirdeksiz, külleme ve mildiyö gibi fungal hastalıklara dayanıklı ve Vitis vinifera'nın verim ve kalite özelliklerini taşıyan çeşitlerin elde edilmesi konularına öncelik verilmiştir. Islah çalışmalarında genel olarak kullanılan klasik ıslah yöntemlerinin uzun ve masraflı oluşu, ıslahçıları daha kısa sürede daha iyi sonuçlar alabilecekleri farklı yöntemlere yönlendirmiştir. Bunlardan en önemlisi marköre dayalı seleksiyondur. Bu tez ile 2018 yılında gerçekleştirilen klasik melezleme uygulamları için 11, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında embriyo kurtarma çalışmaları için oluşturulan 9 adet olmak üzere toplamda 20 farklı kombinasyonda melezleme çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan melezleme çalışmalarından elde edilen F1 genotiplerde, erken seleksiyon için moleküler markörler ile taranarak çekirdeksiz, külleme ve mildiyö hastalığına dayanıklı olan bireylerin belirlenmesi planlanmıştır. Ayrıca çekirdeksiz çeşitlerin ana ebeveyn olarak kullanıldığı kombinasyonlardan elde edilen F1 bireyler için embriyo kurtarma tekniği uygulanarak, uygun örnek alma zamanının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yapılan embriyo kurtarma çalışmaları neticesinde, en yüksek bitkiye dönüşüm oranları 2019 (%13) ve 2020 (%8) yıllarında Exalta x Mars Seedless kombinasyonundan elde edilirken, embriyo kurtarma çalışmalarında en uygun örnek alma zamanı kombinasyonlara göre değişmekle birlikte 7. ve 8. haftalarda gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca 1 adet çekirdeksizlik, 7 adet külleme ve 3 adet mildiyö ile ilişkili yapılan markör taramaları neticesinde önce çekirdeksiz olabilecek genotipler belirlenmiş, belirlenen bu genotipler içinde de hastalıklara dayanıklı olabilecek genotipler yapılan markör taramaları sonucunda tespit edilmiştir.
Grapes are an economically significant fruit worldwide and exhibit a wide variety that can adapt to different climatic conditions. In grape breeding, priority has been given to obtaining varieties that are seedless, resistant to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and downy mildew, and carry the yield and quality characteristics of Vitis vinifera. The long and costly nature of the classical breeding methods commonly used in breeding programs has directed breeders towards different methods where they can achieve better results in a shorter time. Among these, marker-assisted selection is the most important. With this thesis, a total of 20 different combinations were used for hybridization studies, including 11 for classical hybridization applications conducted in 2018 and 9 created for embryo rescue studies in 2019 and 2020. In the F1 genotypes obtained from the hybridization studies, individuals resistant to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and downy mildew were planned to be identified by screening with molecular markers for early selection. Additionally, embryo rescue technique was applied to F1 individuals obtained from combinations where seedless varieties were used as female parents to determine the appropriate sampling time. As a result of the embryo rescue studies, the highest transformation rates were obtained from the Exalta x Mars Seedless combination in 2019 (13%) and 2020 (8%), while the optimal sampling time for embryo rescue studies varied depending on the combinations, occurring in the 7th and 8th weeks. Moreover, through marker screenings associated with 1 seedlessness, 7 powdery mildew, and 3 downy mildew, genotypes that could potentially be seedless were initially identified, and among these genotypes, those that could be resistant to diseases were determined through marker screenings.
Grapes are an economically significant fruit worldwide and exhibit a wide variety that can adapt to different climatic conditions. In grape breeding, priority has been given to obtaining varieties that are seedless, resistant to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and downy mildew, and carry the yield and quality characteristics of Vitis vinifera. The long and costly nature of the classical breeding methods commonly used in breeding programs has directed breeders towards different methods where they can achieve better results in a shorter time. Among these, marker-assisted selection is the most important. With this thesis, a total of 20 different combinations were used for hybridization studies, including 11 for classical hybridization applications conducted in 2018 and 9 created for embryo rescue studies in 2019 and 2020. In the F1 genotypes obtained from the hybridization studies, individuals resistant to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and downy mildew were planned to be identified by screening with molecular markers for early selection. Additionally, embryo rescue technique was applied to F1 individuals obtained from combinations where seedless varieties were used as female parents to determine the appropriate sampling time. As a result of the embryo rescue studies, the highest transformation rates were obtained from the Exalta x Mars Seedless combination in 2019 (13%) and 2020 (8%), while the optimal sampling time for embryo rescue studies varied depending on the combinations, occurring in the 7th and 8th weeks. Moreover, through marker screenings associated with 1 seedlessness, 7 powdery mildew, and 3 downy mildew, genotypes that could potentially be seedless were initially identified, and among these genotypes, those that could be resistant to diseases were determined through marker screenings.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyoteknoloji, Biotechnology, Ziraat
