Dıştan jelleşme yöntemiyle mikro-bağ yem üretim sistemi geliştirilmesi ve yem özelliklerini etkileyen parametrelerin incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Su ürünleri sektöründe, yetiştiriciliğin giderek daha fazla önem kazandığı ve yetiştiricilik yolu ile üretilen su ürünlerinin, avcılık yolu ile elde edilen su ürünlerine nazaran ön plana çıktığı izlenmektedir. Balık yetiştiriciliğinde balık larvalarını uygun ve kaliteli besin maddeleri ile beslenmesi önemli bir konudur. Larvalar için kullanılan yemler, canlı yem ve karma yemler olarak iki çeşide ayırılır. Balık ve larva yetiştirmede canlı yemlerin yüksek üretim maliyeti, her zaman hazır bulunmaması ve güvenli olmayan besin değerleri, ana sorunlardır. Larva ve balık yetiştiriciliğinde, canlı yemlere bağımlılığın azaltılması, yetiştiriciliğin maliyetini düşürecek ve daha karlı bir üretime yol açacaktır. Alternatif yemlerin en önemlisi mikro-diyetlerdir. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan yemlerin yaklaşık %25'i Türkiye'ye ithal edilmektedir ve dağılıma bakıldığında, mikro-diyet adında yeni nesil larva yemlerinin %100'ünün yurtdışından geldiği ve mikro-diyet yemlerin piyasa fiyatlarının oldukça yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu tez projesinin amacı, özellikle balık larvaları için mikro-bağ yem üretim teknolojisinin geliştirilmesidir. Bu doktora tezi kapsamında, mikro-bağ yem üretimi için bir sistem ve makina tasarlanmış, imalatı gerçekleştirilmiş, sistem üzerinde denemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir ve denemeler sırasında elde edilen yemlerin fiziksel ve kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Fiziksel özellikler olarak; boyut, şekil, sıcaklık, nem oranı, yoğunluk, su üzerine bırakıldıktan sonra suya batma hızı değerleri ve kimyasal özelliklerinden ise kuru madde, ham kül (organik madde tayini), ham yağ, ham protein, ham selüloz ve karbonhidrat analizi olarak ele alınmıştır. Tasarlanan özgün makina ve kullanılan yöntem ile kritik bir ölçü olarak bilinen 250 µm çapından daha düşük çaplara sahip yemleri üretebilmek mümkün olmuştur. Bu tez kapsamında MATLAB programı ortamında görüntü işleme yönteminden faydalanarak, denemeler yoluyla üretilen mikro-bağ yemlerin, boyut ve diğer bazı fiziksel özellikleri ile ortaya koyulan yem kalitesinin ve dolayısıyla sistem performansının kolaylıkla belirlenebilmesi için bilgisayar destekli bir algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Üretilen mikro-bağ yemlerin fiziksel özelliklerinden olan; alan, eşdeğer çap gibi verileri kullanarak, meme delik çapı, meme püskürtme açısı ve pompa basıncı etkilerinin üretim sırasında yem boyutları üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. SPSS Statistics 24 programı kullanarak regresyon analizi yapılmış ve matematik modelleme tekniklerinden faydalanarak doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan modeller geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntem sonucunda regresyon analizinden elde edilen sonuçlara ve sistem üzerinde yapılan ayarlara göre üretilecek olan yemlerin eşdeğer çapını tahmin etmek için en iyi matematiksel model, kuadratik model olarak seçilmiştir. Bu modelin R2 değeri 0,76 olarak elde edilmiştir.
In the aquaculture industry, production of culture sea products is becoming more important every day, and the production of culture sea products is becoming more important than sea products provided by fishing method. Feeding of fish larvae using feeds with high quality and sufficient nutrition is a very important topic. The feed used for fish larvae is classified into two groups as live feed and formulated feed. In fish and fish larvae production, the high price, unavailability and insecurity of nutrition sufficiency are most important problems. The reduction of the dependence to live feed would reduce the production costs and lead to more economic and beneficial production. The most important type of alternative feeds is micro-diets. 25% of feed used in culture fish production in Turkey are imported. When looking to distribution rate of feed types imported to Turkey, 100% of the micro-diets has come by import method, and their prices are too high. However, the aim of this thesis is to provide and improve the method of producing this type of feed especially for fish larvae. In this study, a machine and system was designed and manufactured for micro-bound feed production, some tests have conducted on the system and some physical and chemical tests and analysis has conducted on the feed produced by this system. The physical properties are dimension, shape, temperature, moisture content, density and soaking velocity of particles in the water. The chemical properties are dry matter, crude ash (determination of organic matter), crude fat, crude protein, crude cellulose and carbohydrate analysis. Using new designed original machine and method, it was possible to produce feeds with diameters less than 250 µm, which is known as a critical measure. In order to determine the physical properties such as dimensions and some other shape factors of micro-bound feed produced through the experiments, which shows the quality of feed, and respectively system performance, an algorithm was developed in MATLAB software. Some physical properties of produced feed such as area, equivalent axis length was used to evaluate the effects of nozzle hole diameter, mixer revolution speed, nozzle spraying degree and pump pressure on feed dimensions. Evaluations were conducted to determine the best mathematical model and the most effective unbound factor. Regression analysis is performed in SPSS Statistics 24 programs in situ and mathematical modelling techniques are used to produce linear and non-linear mathematical models. According to the results obtained from the regression, the best mathematical model was quadratic model. The R2 was obtained from this model was 0,76 in order to estimate the feed size before production produced by external gelation method.
In the aquaculture industry, production of culture sea products is becoming more important every day, and the production of culture sea products is becoming more important than sea products provided by fishing method. Feeding of fish larvae using feeds with high quality and sufficient nutrition is a very important topic. The feed used for fish larvae is classified into two groups as live feed and formulated feed. In fish and fish larvae production, the high price, unavailability and insecurity of nutrition sufficiency are most important problems. The reduction of the dependence to live feed would reduce the production costs and lead to more economic and beneficial production. The most important type of alternative feeds is micro-diets. 25% of feed used in culture fish production in Turkey are imported. When looking to distribution rate of feed types imported to Turkey, 100% of the micro-diets has come by import method, and their prices are too high. However, the aim of this thesis is to provide and improve the method of producing this type of feed especially for fish larvae. In this study, a machine and system was designed and manufactured for micro-bound feed production, some tests have conducted on the system and some physical and chemical tests and analysis has conducted on the feed produced by this system. The physical properties are dimension, shape, temperature, moisture content, density and soaking velocity of particles in the water. The chemical properties are dry matter, crude ash (determination of organic matter), crude fat, crude protein, crude cellulose and carbohydrate analysis. Using new designed original machine and method, it was possible to produce feeds with diameters less than 250 µm, which is known as a critical measure. In order to determine the physical properties such as dimensions and some other shape factors of micro-bound feed produced through the experiments, which shows the quality of feed, and respectively system performance, an algorithm was developed in MATLAB software. Some physical properties of produced feed such as area, equivalent axis length was used to evaluate the effects of nozzle hole diameter, mixer revolution speed, nozzle spraying degree and pump pressure on feed dimensions. Evaluations were conducted to determine the best mathematical model and the most effective unbound factor. Regression analysis is performed in SPSS Statistics 24 programs in situ and mathematical modelling techniques are used to produce linear and non-linear mathematical models. According to the results obtained from the regression, the best mathematical model was quadratic model. The R2 was obtained from this model was 0,76 in order to estimate the feed size before production produced by external gelation method.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mikro-Bağ Yem, Dıştan Jelleşme, Balık Larvası, Görüntü İşleme, Matematiksel Modelleme Ve Yem Eşdeğer Çapı, Micro-Bound Feed, External Gelation, Fish Larvae, Image Processing And Feed Equivalent Diameter
