Klaros'ta Dionysos kültü
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Apollon Klarios’a ait bir kutsal alan ve kehanet merkezi olan Klaros’ta
Apollon’un yanı sıra Dionysos da tapınım görmekteydi.
Epigrafik belgeler ve arkeolojik buluntular kültün esas olarak Hellenistik
Dönem’de güçlü olduğunu göstermektedir. Hellenistik Dönem’de Dionysia ve
Katagogia’nın kutlandığı epigrafik belgeler yoluyla bilinmektedir. Antik kaynaklar ise
Anthesteria’nın Khytroi günü uygulanan Aiora ritüelinin Kolophonlular tarafından
kutlandığı bilgisini vermektedir. B.O.A. Sektörü’nde bulunmuş olan M.Ö. IV. yy. sonu-
III. yy. başına ait kült konteksti Anthesteria’nın somut kanıtlarını sunmaktadır. .
Kontekstte bulunan çok sayıda minyatür khous, Anthesteria’nın Khoes günü
kullanılmıştır. Aynı kontekstte bulunan oturan çocuk ve kourotrophos figürinleri
khouslar ile birlikte çocuk bakımı ve yetiştirilmesi ile ilgili ortak anlama sahiptir.
Hellenistik Apollon sunağının kuzeybatısında bulunmuş olan in situ güneş saati
Dionysos'a sunulmuş en geç adak olup sunağın kuzey bölümünün Dionysos'a ayrılmış
olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Dionysos’a güneş saati adanmış olması onun geç dönemde
Apollon gibi güneşle ilişkilendirildiğini göstermektedir. Bu iki tanrının birlikte tapınım
görmesi yaygın bir durumdur ve Klaros’ta özellikle Hellenistik Dönem’de birlikte
tapınım görmüşlerdir.
İkonografik olarak Dionysos kültü ile ilişkilendirilen daha erken buluntular da
söz konusudur. Bunlardan en erkeni Protogeometrik phalloslardır. Bu malzeme
Dionysos kültünün Klaros’taki geçmişine ışık tutmakta ve söz konusu ortak kültün
düşünülenden daha erken dönemlere gittiğini göstermektedir.
Dionysos'un Klaros'ta çocukların yetiştirilmesi, sağlık, güneş ve tiyatro ile ilgili
işlevleri belirlenebilmektedir. Katagogia’nın kutlanıyor olması onun belli zamanlarda
ortadan kaybolduğuna ve geri döndüğüne inanılan bir tanrı (khtonien?) olduğunu
göstermektedir. Olasılıkla Dionysos, Klaros’ta kehanetle de ilgiliydi.
Dionysus was worshipped beside Apollo at Claros, where a sanctuary and prophecy center was dedicated to Apollo Clarios. Epigraphical and archaeological evidence indicate that his cult was especially strong in the Hellenistic Period. It is known from the epigraphical evidence that Dionysia and Katagogia were being celebrated. It is also known from the ancient sources that the Aiora – a ritual that was being practiced on the Khytroi day of Anthesteria – was being celebrated by the Colophonians. A secure context related to Anthesteria – from the end of the fourth/beginning of the third century B.C. – comes from the B.O.A. sector at Claros. Seated boy and kourotrophos figurines were found in this context together with numerous miniature khoes. All these finds had the common meaning of caring and raising children. A sundial that was found in situ on the northwest of the Hellenistic Apollo altar is the latest offering to Dionysus and indicates that the northern part of the altar was dedicated to him. The sundial shows that Dionysus was identified with sun like Apollo. Earlier finds associated with Dionysus iconographically, such as Protogeometric phallus images shed light on the early history of Dionysus and indicate that common cult of Apollo and Dionysus goes to earlier than it was considered at Claros. The identified functions of Dionysus at Claros are related to raising children, health, theater and sun. Colophonians believed that Dionysus was a god whom disappeared and then returned (chtonien?), as the celebration of Katagogia shows. Dionysus was probably associated with prophecy at Claros.
Dionysus was worshipped beside Apollo at Claros, where a sanctuary and prophecy center was dedicated to Apollo Clarios. Epigraphical and archaeological evidence indicate that his cult was especially strong in the Hellenistic Period. It is known from the epigraphical evidence that Dionysia and Katagogia were being celebrated. It is also known from the ancient sources that the Aiora – a ritual that was being practiced on the Khytroi day of Anthesteria – was being celebrated by the Colophonians. A secure context related to Anthesteria – from the end of the fourth/beginning of the third century B.C. – comes from the B.O.A. sector at Claros. Seated boy and kourotrophos figurines were found in this context together with numerous miniature khoes. All these finds had the common meaning of caring and raising children. A sundial that was found in situ on the northwest of the Hellenistic Apollo altar is the latest offering to Dionysus and indicates that the northern part of the altar was dedicated to him. The sundial shows that Dionysus was identified with sun like Apollo. Earlier finds associated with Dionysus iconographically, such as Protogeometric phallus images shed light on the early history of Dionysus and indicate that common cult of Apollo and Dionysus goes to earlier than it was considered at Claros. The identified functions of Dionysus at Claros are related to raising children, health, theater and sun. Colophonians believed that Dionysus was a god whom disappeared and then returned (chtonien?), as the celebration of Katagogia shows. Dionysus was probably associated with prophecy at Claros.