Bee pollens as biological indicators: An ecological assessment of pollution in Northern Turkey via ICP-MS and XPS analyses
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
In this study, pollens were collected from 25 different locations of Northern Turkey to investigate pollution monitoring. Surface chemistry of pollen samples was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then the concentrations of certain elements (Li, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb) in pollen samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the evaluation of environmental pollution. The levels of elements were detected in the following ranges (minimum–maximum, mg/kg dry pollen): Li (0.18–0.39), Al (24.98–308.04), V (6.18–98.58), Cr (1.05–6.81), Mn (13.85–95.91), Fe (52.20–326.26), Co (0.15–0.34), Ni (1.66–10.79), Cu (8.61–19.01), Zn (20.47–70.02), As (1.22–2.65), Se (0.39–0.67), Cd (0.05–0.74), Ba (0.73–16.30), and Pb (0.00–0.26). It has been concluded that there is a correlation between the pollen samples with high heavy metal concentrations and traffic density as these regions are closer to the road in the northern region. It is exposed to pollution from various sources such as intensified urbanization and tourism activities carried out on land and sea; industrial activities are increasing rapidly due to the opportunities offered by the coastal areas, sea transportation, and agricultural, domestic, and industrial pollution coming from the inner regions through rivers and streams. In this sense, pollens can be used as potential bio-indicators for monitoring heavy metal pollution and gives an idea about how we can use them for future assessing purposes. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bee pollen, Biological indicator, Environmental pollution, ICP-MS, XPS, correlation, heavy metal, mass spectrometry, pollen, tourism, urbanization, X-ray spectroscopy, Ba, Fiji, Turkey, Viti Levu, cadmium, environmental marker, heavy metal, lead, animal, bee, chemistry, environmental monitoring, pollen, pollution, procedures, risk assessment, turkey (bird), X ray photoemission spectroscopy, Animals, Bees, Cadmium, Environmental Biomarkers, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollution, Lead, Metals, Heavy, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Pollen, Risk Assessment, Turkey
Kaynak
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
29
Sayı
24
