Stabilize arıtma çamuru ve arıtma çamuru biyokömürü uygulamalarının toprağın fizikokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma, arıtma çamuru ve biyokömür uygulamalarının toprağın bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri (pH, elektiriksel iletkenlik-EC, organik madde, agregasyon yüzdesi, dispersiyon oranı, strüktür stabilite indeksi-SSI, toplam mil+kil, bağlanmamış mil+kil, hacim ağırlık, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) ve buğday verimi üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, 2020 yılında Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Menemen Araştırma, Uygulama ve Üretim Çiftliği deneme arazisinde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 17.64 m2'lik parsellerde dört tekrarlı olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Denemede test bitkisi olarak Kayra ekmeklik buğday çeşidi (Triticum aestivum) kullanılmıştır. Organik materyaller 25 t ha-1 dozunda, kimyasal gübrelerden 15.15.15 kompoze gübresi 500 t ha-1, üre 200 t ha-1 dozunda ve buğday 250 kg ha-1 dozunda uygulanmıştır. Sezon boyunca 3 dönemde (ekim öncesi, birinci ay ve hasat) toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Denemedeki uygulamalar; Kimyasal gübre (KG), Arıtma çamuru (AÇ), Biyokömür (B), Arıtma çamuru + Biyokömür (AÇ+B), Arıtma çamuru + Kimyasal gübre (AÇ+KG), Biyokömür + Kimyasal gübre (B+KG), Arıtma çamuru + Biyokömür + Kimyasal gübre (AÇ+B+KG) şeklindedir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda arıtma çamuru ve biyokömür uygulamalarının toprak pH'sını kontrole göre %3.34 ile 7.80 arasında düşürdüğü buna karşılık EC değerini yükselttiği ancak tuzluluk sınıfını değiştirecek kadar etki etmediği belirlenmiştir. Yüksek oranda organik madde içeriğine sahip arıtma çamuru ve biyokömür uygulamalarının toprak organik maddesini kontrole göre %23.85 ile %138.46 arasında artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bu materyallerin toprak organik maddesini artırıcı etkisi olduğu, süreç içerisinde tekerrürlü olarak kullanımında organik madde içeriğini önemli ölçüde artıracağı gözlemlenmiştir. Uygulamalara bağlı olarak agregasyon yüzdesi toplam mil+kil, bağlanmamış mil+kil ve strüktür stabilite indeksi artarken, dispersiyon oranı ve hacim ağırlık değerlerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunun nedeni olarak organik materyal uygulamalarının toprakta agregatlaşmayı artırması gösterilebilir. Uygulamalara bağlı olarak toprağın N, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn ve Mn içeriklerindeki artış istatistiki olarak önemli bulunurken K ve Cu elementlerinde önemli bir fark görülmemiştir. Buğday verimine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Arıtma çamuru ve biyokömür uygulamalarının denetim ve gözetim altında belirli aralıklarla, uzun vadede kullanımı neticesinde toprakların fizikokimyasal özelliklerini iyileştirebileceği ve verimi artıracağı öngörülmektedir.
This research, physicochemical properties of sewage sludge and practices biochar some of the soil (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, percentage of aggregation, dispersion rate, the structure stability index-SSI, total silt+clay, unbound silt+clay, bulk density, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) and was conducted to examine the effect on wheat yield. The study was carried out in 2020 at the Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Menemen Research, Application and Production Farm experiment site in four repeated plots of 17.64 m2 according to the random blocks experiment pattern. In the experiment, the Kayra bread wheat variety (Triticum aestivum) was used as the test plant. Organic materials were applied at a dose of 25 t ha-1, 15.15.15 composite fertilizer from chemical fertilizers was applied at a dose of 500 t ha-1, urea at a dose of 200 t ha-1 and wheat at a dose of 250 kg ha-1. Soil samples were taken during 3 periods (pre-October, first month and harvest) during the season. Applications in the trial; Chemical fertilizer (CF), Sewage sludge (SS), Biochar (B), Sewage sludge + Biochar (SS+B), Sewage sludge + Chemical fertilizer (SS+CF), Biochar + Chemical fertilizer (B+CF), Sewage sludge + Biochar + Chemical fertilizer (SS+B+CF). As a result of the research, it was determined that sewage sludge and biochar applications decreased the soil pH between 3.34% and 7.80% compared to the control, but increased the EC value, but did not have enough effect to change the salinity class. It was determined that sewage sludge and biochar applications with high organic matter content increased soil organic matter between 23.85% and 138.46% compared to the control. It has been observed that these materials have an increasing effect on soil organic matter, and their repeated use in the process will significantly increase the organic matter content. Depending on the treatments, aggregation percentage, total silt+clay, unbound silt+clay and structure stability index increased, while dispersion ratio and volume weight values decreased. The reason for this may be that organic material applications increase aggregation in the soil. The increase in N, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn contents of the soil was found to be statistically significant, while there was no significant difference in K and Cu contents. The effect on wheat yield was found statistically significant. It is predicted that the long-term use of sewage sludge and biochar applications at certain intervals under control and supervision can improve the physicochemical properties of soils and increase yields.
This research, physicochemical properties of sewage sludge and practices biochar some of the soil (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, percentage of aggregation, dispersion rate, the structure stability index-SSI, total silt+clay, unbound silt+clay, bulk density, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) and was conducted to examine the effect on wheat yield. The study was carried out in 2020 at the Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Menemen Research, Application and Production Farm experiment site in four repeated plots of 17.64 m2 according to the random blocks experiment pattern. In the experiment, the Kayra bread wheat variety (Triticum aestivum) was used as the test plant. Organic materials were applied at a dose of 25 t ha-1, 15.15.15 composite fertilizer from chemical fertilizers was applied at a dose of 500 t ha-1, urea at a dose of 200 t ha-1 and wheat at a dose of 250 kg ha-1. Soil samples were taken during 3 periods (pre-October, first month and harvest) during the season. Applications in the trial; Chemical fertilizer (CF), Sewage sludge (SS), Biochar (B), Sewage sludge + Biochar (SS+B), Sewage sludge + Chemical fertilizer (SS+CF), Biochar + Chemical fertilizer (B+CF), Sewage sludge + Biochar + Chemical fertilizer (SS+B+CF). As a result of the research, it was determined that sewage sludge and biochar applications decreased the soil pH between 3.34% and 7.80% compared to the control, but increased the EC value, but did not have enough effect to change the salinity class. It was determined that sewage sludge and biochar applications with high organic matter content increased soil organic matter between 23.85% and 138.46% compared to the control. It has been observed that these materials have an increasing effect on soil organic matter, and their repeated use in the process will significantly increase the organic matter content. Depending on the treatments, aggregation percentage, total silt+clay, unbound silt+clay and structure stability index increased, while dispersion ratio and volume weight values decreased. The reason for this may be that organic material applications increase aggregation in the soil. The increase in N, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn contents of the soil was found to be statistically significant, while there was no significant difference in K and Cu contents. The effect on wheat yield was found statistically significant. It is predicted that the long-term use of sewage sludge and biochar applications at certain intervals under control and supervision can improve the physicochemical properties of soils and increase yields.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
