Bebeği fototerapi alan annelerin kaygı düzeyleri, emzirme özyeterlilik algıları ve etkileyen faktörler
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bebeği Fototerapi Alan Annelerin Kaygı Düzeyleri, Emzirme Özyeterlilik Algıları ve Etkileyen Faktörler Bu araştırma, bebeği fototerapi alan annelerin durumluluk kaygı düzeylerini, emzirme özyeterlilik algılarını ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel tipte yapılmıştır. Çalışma T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, İzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi Çiğli Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinin 1. ve 2. Basamak Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde, 01 Şubat-31 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında bebeği fototerapi alan 156 anne ile yürütülmüştür. Hastanenin 1. Basamak ünitesinde anne ve bebek birlikte kalırken, 2. Basamak ünitesinde bebekler annelerinden ayrı olarak küvözde kalmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri; Anne-Bebek Tanıtım Formu, Durumluluk Kaygı Ölçeği ve Emzirme Özyeterlilik Ölçeği- Kısa formu kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı analizlerde sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma değerleri, verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluk analizi için Shapiro-Wilk testi, ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenilirliği için Cronbach's Alfa testi, normal dağılım gösteren (parametrik) değişkenler için t testi, normal dağılım göstermeyen değerler için Mann Whitney-U testi ve Varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Ölçekler arası ilişki için korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bütün istatistiksel analizlerde önemlilik seviyesi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Annelerin yaş ortalaması 27,09±4,17 olup, %55,8'i 27 yaş ve altında, %60,3'ü lise mezunu, %55,8'i çalışmıyor, %50,6'sının ailelerinin aylık geliri 3001-4500 tl arasında, %93,6'sının sosyal güvencesi var ve %82,7'si çekirdek aile tipindedir. Tüm annelerin durumluluk kaygı ölçeği puan ortalaması 46.6±7.8 olup kaygı düzeylerinin düşük, emzirme özyeterlilik ölçeği puan ortalaması 49.2±6.35 olup özyeterliliklerinin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Üniversite mezunu, son gebeliği planlı olup fototerapi bilgisi olan ve bilgisini yeterli bulan, bebeğinin yanında kalan, emzirme bilgisi olan, emzirebilen, eş ve çevre desteği olan annelerin durumluluk kaygı ölçeği puan ortalamaları anlamlı olarak daha düşüktür (p<0.05). Yaşı 28 ve üstünde, çalışmayan, son gebeliği plansız olan, sezaryen doğum yapan, gebelik sayısı artan, fototerapi bilgisini doktor ya da hemşireden alan, bilgisini yeterli bulan, daha önce sarılık geçiren bebeği olan, sarılık için geleneksel yöntem uygulayan, bebeği fototerapi alması gerektiğinde endişe duyan, bebeğinin yanında kalan, doğum sonrası ilk 30 dakikada bebeğini emziren, emzirme deneyimi olan, bir önceki bebeğini emzirme süresi artan, doğum sonrası emzirme bilgisi alan, emzirme bilgisine kendi deneyimleriyle sahip olan ve bebeğinin yoğun bakımda yatış süresi daha az olan annelerin emzirme özyeterlilik ölçeği puan ortalamaları anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Bebeği 1. basamak yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan annelerin durumluluk kaygı ölçeği puan ortalamaları (40.9 ±6.0), 2. basamakta yatan annelerden (50.6±6.2) anlamlı olarak daha düşüktür. Bebeği 1.basamak yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan annelerin emzirme özyeterlilik ölçeği puan ortalaması (50.8±6.4), 2.basamakta yatan annelerden (48.1±6.04) anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Durumluluk kaygı ölçeği puan ortalaması ile emzirme özyeterlilik ölçeği puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Anneler için, fototerapi ve emzirmenin önemine ilişkin broşür hazırlanmış, araştırmaya katılan her anneye yararlılık ilkesi gereği, taburculuk öncesi broşür ile bilgilendirme yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre; bebekleri 1. basamaktaki annelerin 2. basamaktakilere göre kaygı düzeyleri daha düşük, emzirme özyeterlilik algıları ise daha yüksektir. Birinci basamakta bebeğin anne yanında olmasının ya da 2. basamakta annelerin yoğun bakıma girip bebeğinin bakımına katılıp bebeğini emzirmesinin/beslemesinin annelerin kaygılarını azalttığı ve emzirme özyeterliliklerini olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmektedir. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü hastanede, bebeklerin 1. basamak yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde anne ile kalması ülkemizde bir ilk olarak diğer hastanelere örnek oluşturmaktadır. Bu uygulamaların yaygınlaştırılması ayrıca hemşirelerin bebeği fototerapi alan annelerin kaygı durumu hakkında bilgi sahibi olması ve emzirme özyeterliliği için danışmanlık vermesi sağlanmalıdır. Anahtar Sözcükler: fototerapi; emzirme özyeterlilik; indirekt hiperbilirubinemi; kaygı; yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi
Anxiety Levels of Mothers Whose Babies Are Receiving Phototherapy, Perceptions of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Influencing Factors This research was conducted in a descriptive and relational type in order to determine the anxiety levels, breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions and the affecting factors of mothers whose babies received phototherapy. Working T.C. The study was conducted with 156 mothers whose babies received phototherapy between February 01 and May 31, 2020 in the 1st and 2nd Stage Neonatal Intensive Care Units of the Ministry of Health, İzmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital. While the mother and baby stay together in the 1st level unit of the hospital, the babies stay in the incubator separately from their mothers in the 2nd level unit. The data of the research; It was collected by face-to-face interview method using the Mother-Baby Identification Form, the State Anxiety Scale and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short form. In descriptive analyses, number, percentage, mean, standard deviation values, Shapiro-Wilk test for the analysis of data conformity with normal distribution, Cronbach's Alpha test for internal consistency reliability of the scale, t test for normally distributed (parametric) variables, Mann Whitney for non-normally distributed values -U test and analysis of variance were used. Correlation analysis was performed for the relationship between scales. In all statistical analyses, the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. The mean age of the mothers is 27.09±4.17, 55.8% of them are 27 years old and below, 60.3% are high school graduates, 55.8% are unemployed, 50.6% of their families have monthly income 3001 Between -4500 TL, 93.6% have social security and 82.7% are nuclear family type. The mean state anxiety scale score of all mothers was 46.6±7.8, and their anxiety levels were low, while the mean breastfeeding self-efficacy scale score was 49.2±6.35, and their self-efficacy was high. The state anxiety scale mean scores of mothers who were university graduates, had a planned last pregnancy, had phototherapy knowledge and found their knowledge sufficient, stayed with their baby, had breastfeeding knowledge, could breastfeed, and had support from their spouse and environment were significantly lower (p<0.05). ).Mothers who age 28 and over, are unemployed, had unplanned last pregnancy, got cesarean delivery, had increasing number of pregnancies, get phototherapy information from a doctor or nurse, claim having sufficient information, have a baby with jaundice before, apply traditional methods for jaundice, worry when the baby needs phototherapy, stay with their baby, breastfeed their baby in the first 30 minutes after birth, have breastfeeding experience, have increasing duration of breastfeeding for their previous baby, receive postpartum breastfeeding information, have breastfeeding knowledge with their own experience, and have less length of stay in the intensive care unit had mean scores significantly higher (p<0.05). The mean state anxiety scale (40.9 ± 6.0) of the mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the first step neonatal intensive care unit was significantly lower than that of the mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the secondary neonatal intensive care unit (50.6±6.2). Breastfeeding self-efficacy scale mean score (50.8±6.4) of mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the first step neonatal intensive care unit was significantly higher than that of mothers hospitalized in the second step (48.1±6.04). No significant correlation was found between the mean score of the state anxiety scale and the mean score of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale (p>0.05). A brochure was prepared for mothers about the importance of phototherapy and breastfeeding, and every mother participating in the study was informed with a brochure before discharge, in accordance with the principle of usefulness. According to the results of the research; Mothers whose babies were in the first step had lower anxiety levels and higher breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions than those in the second step. It is seen that the fact that the baby is with the mother in the primary care level or that the mothers enter the intensive care unit and participate in the care of their infants and breastfeed their infants in the second step reduce the anxiety of the mothers and increase their breastfeeding self-efficacy. The fact that babies stay with their mothers in the 1st step neonatal intensive care unit in the hospital where we study is a first in our country, setting an example for other hospitals. It should be ensured that nurses have information about the anxiety status of mothers whose babies receive phototherapy and provide counseling for breastfeeding self-efficacy. Keywords: phototherapy; breastfeeding self-efficacy; indirect hyperbilirubinemia; anxiety; newborn intensive care unit
Anxiety Levels of Mothers Whose Babies Are Receiving Phototherapy, Perceptions of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Influencing Factors This research was conducted in a descriptive and relational type in order to determine the anxiety levels, breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions and the affecting factors of mothers whose babies received phototherapy. Working T.C. The study was conducted with 156 mothers whose babies received phototherapy between February 01 and May 31, 2020 in the 1st and 2nd Stage Neonatal Intensive Care Units of the Ministry of Health, İzmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital. While the mother and baby stay together in the 1st level unit of the hospital, the babies stay in the incubator separately from their mothers in the 2nd level unit. The data of the research; It was collected by face-to-face interview method using the Mother-Baby Identification Form, the State Anxiety Scale and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short form. In descriptive analyses, number, percentage, mean, standard deviation values, Shapiro-Wilk test for the analysis of data conformity with normal distribution, Cronbach's Alpha test for internal consistency reliability of the scale, t test for normally distributed (parametric) variables, Mann Whitney for non-normally distributed values -U test and analysis of variance were used. Correlation analysis was performed for the relationship between scales. In all statistical analyses, the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. The mean age of the mothers is 27.09±4.17, 55.8% of them are 27 years old and below, 60.3% are high school graduates, 55.8% are unemployed, 50.6% of their families have monthly income 3001 Between -4500 TL, 93.6% have social security and 82.7% are nuclear family type. The mean state anxiety scale score of all mothers was 46.6±7.8, and their anxiety levels were low, while the mean breastfeeding self-efficacy scale score was 49.2±6.35, and their self-efficacy was high. The state anxiety scale mean scores of mothers who were university graduates, had a planned last pregnancy, had phototherapy knowledge and found their knowledge sufficient, stayed with their baby, had breastfeeding knowledge, could breastfeed, and had support from their spouse and environment were significantly lower (p<0.05). ).Mothers who age 28 and over, are unemployed, had unplanned last pregnancy, got cesarean delivery, had increasing number of pregnancies, get phototherapy information from a doctor or nurse, claim having sufficient information, have a baby with jaundice before, apply traditional methods for jaundice, worry when the baby needs phototherapy, stay with their baby, breastfeed their baby in the first 30 minutes after birth, have breastfeeding experience, have increasing duration of breastfeeding for their previous baby, receive postpartum breastfeeding information, have breastfeeding knowledge with their own experience, and have less length of stay in the intensive care unit had mean scores significantly higher (p<0.05). The mean state anxiety scale (40.9 ± 6.0) of the mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the first step neonatal intensive care unit was significantly lower than that of the mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the secondary neonatal intensive care unit (50.6±6.2). Breastfeeding self-efficacy scale mean score (50.8±6.4) of mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the first step neonatal intensive care unit was significantly higher than that of mothers hospitalized in the second step (48.1±6.04). No significant correlation was found between the mean score of the state anxiety scale and the mean score of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale (p>0.05). A brochure was prepared for mothers about the importance of phototherapy and breastfeeding, and every mother participating in the study was informed with a brochure before discharge, in accordance with the principle of usefulness. According to the results of the research; Mothers whose babies were in the first step had lower anxiety levels and higher breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions than those in the second step. It is seen that the fact that the baby is with the mother in the primary care level or that the mothers enter the intensive care unit and participate in the care of their infants and breastfeed their infants in the second step reduce the anxiety of the mothers and increase their breastfeeding self-efficacy. The fact that babies stay with their mothers in the 1st step neonatal intensive care unit in the hospital where we study is a first in our country, setting an example for other hospitals. It should be ensured that nurses have information about the anxiety status of mothers whose babies receive phototherapy and provide counseling for breastfeeding self-efficacy. Keywords: phototherapy; breastfeeding self-efficacy; indirect hyperbilirubinemia; anxiety; newborn intensive care unit
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hemşirelik, Nursing, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum, Obstetrics and Gynecology
