Ekonomik öneme sahip bazı ağaç türlerine ait tohumların değişik yöntemlerle dormansilerinin kırılmaları üzerine bir araştırma
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1996
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
ÖZET Bu denemede tohumların dormansi olduğu bilinen Acacia retinodes, Bauhinia veriegata, Brachychiton populneus, Ginkgo biloba, Koelreuteria paniculata ve Parkinson aculeata bitkilerinin tohumları kullanılmıştır. Bu bitkilerin tohumlarına dormansüerinı ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik olarak %5,%25,%50'lik konsantrelerde KN03 kimyasalı, %5,%25,%50'lik konsantrelerde KMn04 kimyasalı, %5,%15,%30'luk konsantrelerde H202 kimyasalı, konsantre H2S04, Mekanik Etkiler (çentme, çizme, kırma v.s.), Su Banyosu ve Kontrol olmak üzere 13 ayrı muamele uygulanmıştır. Deneme, 2 faktörlü tesadüf parseli deneme desenine göre hazırlanmış, 78 varyantlı (6 cins 13 muamele) ve 3 tekerrürlü olarak düzenlenmiştir. Tohumlar içerisinde, 15 cm. dolgu yaprak üzerinde 5 cm. torf kum karışımı bulunan kasalara dış mekanda ekilmişlerdir. 1.5 ay süre ile her gün sulanarak, çimlenen tohum adedi, bitki boyu ve yaprak adedi sayılarak ve ölçülerek belirlenmiştir. Denemeye alman farklı 6 cinse ait bitki tohumlarının çimlenen tohum adedleri, bitki boyları ve yaprak adedleri ile ilgili aşağıdaki sonuçlar alınmıştır. - Acacia retinodes tohumlarında %54.6 oranında bir çimlenme elde edilmiştir. En çok çimlenme %90 ile Mekanik Etkide, en az çimlenme ise %10 oranında %5 ve %25 KNO3 kimyasal uygulamasında görülmüştür. Acacia retinodes'de ilk çimlenme tohum ekiminden 12 gün sonra başlamıştır. Fidelerde ortalama 3.318 cm. boy elde edilmiş ve bu veriyle denemede kullanılan bitkisel materyaller arasında en düşük boy ortalamasına sahip bitki olmuştur. Ortalama yaprak sayısı ise 4.046 adet olarak ölçülmüştür. - Bauhinia veriegata'nın tüm muameleler genelinde çimlenme yüzdesi %18.46 'dır. En çok çimlenme %100 ile Mekanik Etkide, en az çimlenme ise %10 ile Su Banyosu uygulamasında görülmüştür. Bauhinia veriegata'da ilk çimlenme ekimden 10 gün sonra başlamıştır. Deneme sırasınca yapılan ölçümler sonucunda elde edilen bitki boyunun ortalamasına bakıldığında 6.556 cm. olduğu görülmüştür.Bu sonuçla Bauhinia veriegata, Diğer bitkiler arasında üçüncü sırada yer almıştır. Elde edilen yaprak sayısı ortalaması ise 5.203 adettir. - Brachychiton populneus'da, muamelelerin tümünde bakıldığında genel olarak %6. 15lik bir çimlenme yüzdesi elde edilmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme %46 ile H2S04 uygulamasında, en düşük çimlenme ise %6 ile %50 KNO3, %5 ve %25 KMn04 uygulamalarında görülmüştür. Tohumlarda ilk çimlenme ekimden 10 gün sonra H2S04 uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçla Brachychiton populneus çimlenen tohum adedinde diğer bitkilerle karşılaştırıldığında beşinci sırada yer almıştır. Bitki boy ortalamasında dördüncü sırayı alan Brachychiton populneus, orta lama 5.554 cm. boy yapmıştır. Yaprak sayısı ortalamasında ise 3.26 adet ile son sırada yer almıştır. - Ginkgo biloba, denemeye alman bitkiler arasında en geç çimlenen ve en düşük çimlenme yüzdesine (%0.76) sahip olan bitki olmuştur. Bu çimlenme de sadece %25'lik KNO3 uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. İlk çimlenme tohum ekiminden 50 gün sonra başlamıştır. En yüksek boy ortalamasına 11 cm. ile Ginkgo biloba sahip olurken, ortalama 5.6 adet yaprak sayısıyla denemeye alman diğer bitkiler arasında ikinci sırayı almıştır. 25- Koelreuteria paniculata'nm genel çimlenme yüzdesi, %10.38 dir. En çok çimlenme %40 ile H2S04 uygulamasında, en az çimlenme ise %5 ile %5'lik H202 kon santrasyonunda ve Kontrol' de elde edilmiştir. İlk çimlenme tohum ekiminden 10 gün sonra H2SO4 uygulamasında görülmüştür. Koelreuteria paniculata ulaştığı ortalama 5.5 cm. lik bitki boyuyla ikinci en düşük sonucu vermiştir. Yaprak sayısı ortala masında ise 4.225 adet ile diğer bitkilerle kıyaslandığında dördüncü sıradadır. - Parkinson aculeata'nın genel olarak bakıldığında çimlenme yüzdesi %20 olarak ortaya çıkmışta. En fazla çimlenme %90 ile Su Banyosunda, en düşük çimlen me ise %5 ile, %15'lik H202, %25 ve :50lik KN03 ve %5'lik KMn04 kon santrelerinde görülmüştür. Parkinson aculeata tohumlarında ilk çimlenme dört gün sonra başlamış ve denemede kullanılan diğer materyaller arasında en çabuk çimlenen cins olmuştur. 8.097 cm. ortalama bitki boyuna ulaşarak diğer bitkiler arasında ikinci sırada yer almıştır. Yaprak sayısı ise ortalama 7.540 adedi bularak diğer deneme materyalleri arasında en yüksek yaprak sayısı ortalamasına sahip olan bitki olmuştur. - Denemeye alman bitkilere uygulanan muamele sonuçlarına gelince, en yük sek çimlenme adedi ortalaması 8.667 adet ile Su Banyosu muamelesinde elde edilmiştir. Bunu takiben 8.250 adet ile H2S04 uygulaması ve 8.143 adet ile Mekanik Etki tohumların çimlenme adedi ortalaması üzerinde en yüksek etkileri yapmışlardır. En düşük sonuç ise, KN03'ın değişik konsantrasyonlarında, KMn04'm %5 ve %25'lik konsantrasyonlarında alınmıştır. Kontrolde ise, çimlenen tohum adedi ortalamasına bakıldığında 5.5 gibi orta düzeyde bir rakam elde edilmiştir. _. Bitki boyunda ise uygulanan muameleler arasında 8.443 cm. ile Mekanik Etki en yüksek sonucu vermiştir. İkinci derecede, H2S04 uygulamasının 7.662 cm. ile olumlu sonuç verdiği gözlenmiştir. En kısa bitki boyu ise, %5'lik KNO3 konsantrasyonunda 2.167 cm. olarak elde edilmiştir. Kontrolde ise 5.994 cm. ile orta derecede bir boy oran saptanmıştır. - Uygulanan muameleler arasında yaprak sayışım en olumlu etkileyen muamele bitki boyunda da olduğu gibi Mekanik Etki olmuştur (7.457 adet). Yine H2S04, bitki boyunda da gözlendiği gibi 6.608 adet ile ikinci derecede etkili olan muameledir. Üçüncü derecede ise 5.991 adet ile Su Banyosu yer almaktadır. En düşük etki 2.860 adet ile %25'lik KMn04 konsantrasyonundan elde edilmiştir.Kontrol sonucunda ise ortalama 5.543 adet gibi bir sonuç ortaya çıkmıştır. 26
SUMMARY In this trial, seeds of Acacia retinodes, Bauhinia variegata, Brachychiton populneus, Ginkgo biloba, Koelreuteria paniculata and Parkinsonia aculeata have been use. As it is known, those* seeds have got dormancy. Those seeds were treated with %5.%25,%50 KN03, %5,%25,%50 KMn04, %5,%15,%30 H202, H2S04, Mechanics treatments (notch.strike off.broke), treatment of water bath and control to remove their dormancy. The seeds were sown in 5 cm. mixed torf and sand upon 15 cm. solid into containers which in out door. This containers were watered everyday and measured seed number which was sprout, height of plant and leaf number for 1.5 mounts. Seeds of different six species had got results down. -Acacia retinodes had got %54.6 percentage of sprouted seed. The most high result was in mechanics treatment with %90. The least result was in treatments of %5 and %25 KN03 with %10. First sprout has got began 12 days later. Acacia retinodes' plants had got 3.318 cm. height and this was least height between the other species which were in the trial. Leaf number was measured to 4.046 number. -Bauhinia variegata's seeds' percentage of sprouted were %18.46. Most high sprout was in mechanics treatment with %100 and least sprout was in treat ment of water bath with %10. First sprout has been began 10 days later. This specie had got 6.556 cm. height of plant. With this result Bauhinia variegata has been thirt order between the other plants which were in the trial. The leaf number of this plant was 5.203 number. -Brachychiton populneus had got %6.15 sprout seeds. Most high sprout was in H2S04 treatment with %46. Least sprout was in %5 KN03> %5, %25 KMn04 with %6. The first sprout has been 10 days later in H2S04 treatment In that result, Brachychiton populneus was fifth in sprouted seeds and in the height of plant, it was fourth with 5.554 cm. height. It had got 3.26 number leaf number and it has been last between the other plants which were in the trial. -Ginkgo biloba's seeds' sprout were most late and they had got least per centage of sprout seeds (%0.76). This sprout was only in %25 KNO3 treat ment. The first sprout has been in fiftyth days. Later it had got most height plant with 11 cm. Leaf number of this specie was 5.6 number and it was second with this result. -Koelreuteria paniculata had got %10.38 percentage sprout seeds. Most sprout was in H2S04 treatment with %40 and least sprout was 'in %5 H202 treatment and in control with %5. The first sprout was in H2S04 treatment after 10 days. This specie had got least height of plant with 5.5 cm. Leaf number of this plant was 4.225 number and this plant was in fourth on the other plants which were in the trial. -Parcinsonia aculeata had got %20 percentage of sprout seeds. Most sprout was in treatment of water bath with %90, and least sprout was %15 H202, %25 and %50 KNO3 and %5 KMn04 treatments with %5. In this specie, the first sprout was begin after 4 days and seeds of this specie have been first 27sprout on the other plants which were in the trial. Parcinsonia aculeata had got 8.097 cm. height of plant and it was in second this result. This plant had got most height leaf number with 7.540 number. -As for result of treatments which were taken in trial. Most high sprout of seeds have been in the treatment of water bath with 8.667 number. And than H2SO4 treatment had got 8.250 number and mechanics treatment had got 8.143 number. Those tree treatments have been given most high results on the other treatments which were treated. Also least result have been in the different consantrasyons of KNO3 and %5,%25 KMn04 treatments. Control had got 5.5 number in the sprouted seeds. -In the height of plant the mechanics treatment had got most high result with 8.443 cm. on the other treatments which were treated. The second step H2S04 treatment has been given positive results with 7.662 cm. %5 KNO3 treatment had got least height of plant with 2.167 cm. Also control had got middle height of plant with 5.994 cm. -Most positive result had been given on the mechanics treatment (7.457 number). In the leaf number, the H2S04 treatment had got second positive effect with result of 6.608 number in the leaf number. In the third positive effect had been given on the treatment of water bath with 5.991 number. %25 KMn04 treatment had got least effect with 2.860 number. And last, con trol had got 5.543 number in the leaf number. 28
SUMMARY In this trial, seeds of Acacia retinodes, Bauhinia variegata, Brachychiton populneus, Ginkgo biloba, Koelreuteria paniculata and Parkinsonia aculeata have been use. As it is known, those* seeds have got dormancy. Those seeds were treated with %5.%25,%50 KN03, %5,%25,%50 KMn04, %5,%15,%30 H202, H2S04, Mechanics treatments (notch.strike off.broke), treatment of water bath and control to remove their dormancy. The seeds were sown in 5 cm. mixed torf and sand upon 15 cm. solid into containers which in out door. This containers were watered everyday and measured seed number which was sprout, height of plant and leaf number for 1.5 mounts. Seeds of different six species had got results down. -Acacia retinodes had got %54.6 percentage of sprouted seed. The most high result was in mechanics treatment with %90. The least result was in treatments of %5 and %25 KN03 with %10. First sprout has got began 12 days later. Acacia retinodes' plants had got 3.318 cm. height and this was least height between the other species which were in the trial. Leaf number was measured to 4.046 number. -Bauhinia variegata's seeds' percentage of sprouted were %18.46. Most high sprout was in mechanics treatment with %100 and least sprout was in treat ment of water bath with %10. First sprout has been began 10 days later. This specie had got 6.556 cm. height of plant. With this result Bauhinia variegata has been thirt order between the other plants which were in the trial. The leaf number of this plant was 5.203 number. -Brachychiton populneus had got %6.15 sprout seeds. Most high sprout was in H2S04 treatment with %46. Least sprout was in %5 KN03> %5, %25 KMn04 with %6. The first sprout has been 10 days later in H2S04 treatment In that result, Brachychiton populneus was fifth in sprouted seeds and in the height of plant, it was fourth with 5.554 cm. height. It had got 3.26 number leaf number and it has been last between the other plants which were in the trial. -Ginkgo biloba's seeds' sprout were most late and they had got least per centage of sprout seeds (%0.76). This sprout was only in %25 KNO3 treat ment. The first sprout has been in fiftyth days. Later it had got most height plant with 11 cm. Leaf number of this specie was 5.6 number and it was second with this result. -Koelreuteria paniculata had got %10.38 percentage sprout seeds. Most sprout was in H2S04 treatment with %40 and least sprout was 'in %5 H202 treatment and in control with %5. The first sprout was in H2S04 treatment after 10 days. This specie had got least height of plant with 5.5 cm. Leaf number of this plant was 4.225 number and this plant was in fourth on the other plants which were in the trial. -Parcinsonia aculeata had got %20 percentage of sprout seeds. Most sprout was in treatment of water bath with %90, and least sprout was %15 H202, %25 and %50 KNO3 and %5 KMn04 treatments with %5. In this specie, the first sprout was begin after 4 days and seeds of this specie have been first 27sprout on the other plants which were in the trial. Parcinsonia aculeata had got 8.097 cm. height of plant and it was in second this result. This plant had got most height leaf number with 7.540 number. -As for result of treatments which were taken in trial. Most high sprout of seeds have been in the treatment of water bath with 8.667 number. And than H2SO4 treatment had got 8.250 number and mechanics treatment had got 8.143 number. Those tree treatments have been given most high results on the other treatments which were treated. Also least result have been in the different consantrasyons of KNO3 and %5,%25 KMn04 treatments. Control had got 5.5 number in the sprouted seeds. -In the height of plant the mechanics treatment had got most high result with 8.443 cm. on the other treatments which were treated. The second step H2S04 treatment has been given positive results with 7.662 cm. %5 KNO3 treatment had got least height of plant with 2.167 cm. Also control had got middle height of plant with 5.994 cm. -Most positive result had been given on the mechanics treatment (7.457 number). In the leaf number, the H2S04 treatment had got second positive effect with result of 6.608 number in the leaf number. In the third positive effect had been given on the treatment of water bath with 5.991 number. %25 KMn04 treatment had got least effect with 2.860 number. And last, con trol had got 5.543 number in the leaf number. 28
Açıklama
Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Peyzaj Mimarlığı, Landscape Architecture, Ağaçlar, Trees, Dormansi dönemi, Dormancy period, Tohumlar, Seeds
