Kuros’lar: İkonografileri Üzerine Bir Tartışma
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Tarih
2012
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kuros’lar, geniş omuzlu, ince belli, genellikle sol olmak üzere bir bacakları önde, vücut ağırlıkları bu bacaklara eşit olarak dağıtılmış, kolları yanlardan serbest olarak sarkıtılmış, elleri açık ve vücuda yapı- şık, ayakta frontal bir pozisyonda betimlenen, mermerden çıplak erkek heykelleridir. Bu tipler İ.Ö. VII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Mısır etkisiyle ortaya çıkmışlardır. Peki, Hellen kültüründe bu heykellerin anlamları nedir? İlk zamanlar bu heykellerin Apollon’u temsil ettiği düşünülmüştür. Fakat kuros’ların Apollon’u temsil etmedikleri bellidir. Mezarlıklarda bulunmuş olanları, mezar stelleri gibi kullanılmışlardır. Atina akropolisi’nde bulunanlar, olimpiyat galipleri ve kahramanları temsil eder. Ionia’da bulunan giyimli tipler, aristokrat kişileri temsil ediyor olmalıdır. Poseidon ve Hera gibi tanrı ve tanrıçaların kutsal alanlarında da yoğun olarak bulunmuş olan kuros’lar, bunların Apollon’u temsil etmediğinin bir başka göstergesidir. Bizim düşüncemize göre kutsal alanlarda bulunan kuros’lar, tanrılara sunulmuş hediyelerdir. Bu durum daha erken dönemlerde, tanrılara yapılan insan kurbanlarının değiştirilmiş bir şeklini yansıtıyor olmalıdır. Sonuç olarak Apollon’u temsil etmedikleri belli olan, Hellen heykeltraşlığının bu en erken örnekleri, buluntu yerlerine göre, galip bir atleti, bir kahramanı, bir aristokratı, zamanından önce ölmüş bir kişiyi ya da bedel olarak tanrılara kurban edilmiş bir bireyi temsil ediyor olmalıdır.
The kouros type of a standing nude youth, generally broad-shouldered and narrow waisted, standing erect in a frontal pose, one leg, usually the left, advanced, the weight evenly distributed, the arms hanging by the sides, the hands either clenched or, more rarely, laid flat against the thighs. That the kouros type derived inspiration from Egypt, in the second half of the seventh century B.C. What about was the meaning of this type in Greek Culture? It used to be assumed that every statue in this primitive scheme repsesented Apollo. But that all kouroi do not represent Apollo is also certain. Many have been discovered in cemeteries where they must have served as tombstones representing human beings. Also, the type was used in archaic times for victories in the olympic games and heros on the acropolis at Athens. Dressed type kouroi, from Ionia, must be represent a aristocrat persons. A large number of kouroi have beeen found not in sanctuaries of Apollo, but in those of other deites, for instance, in the precinct of Poseidon at Sounion, and the temenos of Hera at Samos. Because of the fact that all kouroi do not repsesent Apollo. In my opinion, they were offered as a gift to that gods. Especially, the kouroi which were found in sanctuaries of gods, involved with human sacriface of earlier times. Lastly It is clear, that the kouros type was not Apollo but was a favourite expression of the early Greek sculptor, with a variety of meanings. It may represent a victorious athlete, a hero, a aristocrat, a youth who died before his time or a offer/sacriface for the gods.
The kouros type of a standing nude youth, generally broad-shouldered and narrow waisted, standing erect in a frontal pose, one leg, usually the left, advanced, the weight evenly distributed, the arms hanging by the sides, the hands either clenched or, more rarely, laid flat against the thighs. That the kouros type derived inspiration from Egypt, in the second half of the seventh century B.C. What about was the meaning of this type in Greek Culture? It used to be assumed that every statue in this primitive scheme repsesented Apollo. But that all kouroi do not represent Apollo is also certain. Many have been discovered in cemeteries where they must have served as tombstones representing human beings. Also, the type was used in archaic times for victories in the olympic games and heros on the acropolis at Athens. Dressed type kouroi, from Ionia, must be represent a aristocrat persons. A large number of kouroi have beeen found not in sanctuaries of Apollo, but in those of other deites, for instance, in the precinct of Poseidon at Sounion, and the temenos of Hera at Samos. Because of the fact that all kouroi do not repsesent Apollo. In my opinion, they were offered as a gift to that gods. Especially, the kouroi which were found in sanctuaries of gods, involved with human sacriface of earlier times. Lastly It is clear, that the kouros type was not Apollo but was a favourite expression of the early Greek sculptor, with a variety of meanings. It may represent a victorious athlete, a hero, a aristocrat, a youth who died before his time or a offer/sacriface for the gods.
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