Piyasada bulunan bazı tohumların yağ asidi içeriği açısından değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hastalık-beslenme arasında ilişkilerde üzerinde en çok durulan konulardan biri yağlardır. Tüketirken tercih ettiğimiz yağların yapısal olarak doygunluk durumu, cis ya da trans yapıda olması ve esansiyel yağ asidi içerip içermemesi oldukça önemlidir. Tekli doymamış yağ asitleri kolesterol üzerinde olumlu etkilere sahip olup, kalp-damar hastalıklarında risk faktörlerini iyileştirmektedir. Çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri vücudumuzda üretilemeyen dolayısıyla dışarıdan alınması zorunlu olan esansiyel yağ asitleridir. Bitkilerde en yaygın bulunan temel yağ asitleri omega-6 ve omega-3 serisi uzun zincirli doymamış yağ asitlerinden olup, prostoglandinlerin öncü maddesini oluşturmaktadır. Prostoglandinler vücutta hormanlara benzer şekilde çalışmakta ve bir çok metabolik faaliyetten sorumludur. Bunlara vücut sıcaklığının düzenlenmesi, kanın pıhtılaşması, enflamasyon, ağrı ve tansiyon örnek verilebilir. Tezimiz kapsamında Linum usitatissumum L. (keten), Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (kinoa), Salvia hispanica L. (chia), Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (karabuğday), Papaver somniferum L. (haşhaş) türlerinin tohumlarından apolar organik çözücü ile ekstraksiyonla elde edilen yağların, gaz kromatografisi ile yağ asidi analizleri yapılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda keten tohumunda en yüksek oranda linolenik asit (%48.050) ardından oleik asit (%22.210) ve araşidik asit (%16.322) bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Chia tohumunda en yüksek oranda doymuş bir yağ asidi olan palmitik asit (%27.371) bulunurken doymamış yağ asitlerinden oleik asit (%19.56) ve cis-11-eikosenoik asit (%19.171) majör olarak saptanmıştır. Kinoa tohumunun yağ asidi içeriğinde ise birinci araşidik asit (%52.617), ikinci oleik asit (%19.369) ve üçüncü araşidonik asit (%7.573) bulunmuştur. Haşhaş tohumda oleik asit (%43.735), palmitik asit (%31.339) ve araşidik asit (%9.408) majör yağ asidi olarak saptanmıştır. Karabuğday tohumunda ise majör yağ asidi olarak oleik asit (%38.912), ardından araşidik asit (%33.670) ve palmitik asit (%13.858) tespit edilmiştir. Analizlerimiz sonucunda bu tohumların genellikle doymamış yağ asitlerince zengin olduğu saptanmıştır.
One of the most emphasized issues in the relationship between disease and nutrition is fats. The saturated fatty acids, the cis or trans forms of the fatty acids, and the occurence of essentinal fatty acids are important factors for the prefer of oils for consuming. Monounsaturated fatty acids have positive effects on cholesterol and they reduce risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the human body and must be taken from outside. The most common essential fatty acids in plants are omega-3 and omega-6 series of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, and they are the precursors of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins work similarly as hormones in the body and are responsible for many metabolic activities. These include regulation of body temperature, blood clotting, inflammation, pain and blood pressure. Within the scope of our thesis, fatty acid analyzes of the oils obtained by extraction with apolar organic solvent from the seeds of Linum usitatissumum L., Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Salvia hispanica L., Fagopyrum esculentum Moench., Papaver somniferum L. species were performed by gas chromatography. As a result, it was determined that linolenic acid (48.050%) followed by oleic acid (22.210%) and arachidic acid (16.322%) in flaxseed had the highest rate. While palmitic acid (27.371%), a saturated fatty acid, was found at the highest rate in chia seeds, oleic acid (19.56%) and cis-11-eicosenoic acid (19.171%) were the major unsaturated fatty acids. First arachidic acid (52.617%), second oleic acid (19.369%) and third arachidonic acid (7.573%) were found in the fatty acid content of quinoa seed. Oleic acid (43.735%), palmitic acid (31.339%) and arachidic acid (9.408%) were determined as major fatty acids in poppy seeds. In buckwheat germ, the major fatty acid was oleic acid (38.912%), followed by arachidic acid (33.670%) and palmitic acid (13.858%). As a result of our analysis, it was determined that these seeds are generally rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
One of the most emphasized issues in the relationship between disease and nutrition is fats. The saturated fatty acids, the cis or trans forms of the fatty acids, and the occurence of essentinal fatty acids are important factors for the prefer of oils for consuming. Monounsaturated fatty acids have positive effects on cholesterol and they reduce risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the human body and must be taken from outside. The most common essential fatty acids in plants are omega-3 and omega-6 series of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, and they are the precursors of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins work similarly as hormones in the body and are responsible for many metabolic activities. These include regulation of body temperature, blood clotting, inflammation, pain and blood pressure. Within the scope of our thesis, fatty acid analyzes of the oils obtained by extraction with apolar organic solvent from the seeds of Linum usitatissumum L., Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Salvia hispanica L., Fagopyrum esculentum Moench., Papaver somniferum L. species were performed by gas chromatography. As a result, it was determined that linolenic acid (48.050%) followed by oleic acid (22.210%) and arachidic acid (16.322%) in flaxseed had the highest rate. While palmitic acid (27.371%), a saturated fatty acid, was found at the highest rate in chia seeds, oleic acid (19.56%) and cis-11-eicosenoic acid (19.171%) were the major unsaturated fatty acids. First arachidic acid (52.617%), second oleic acid (19.369%) and third arachidonic acid (7.573%) were found in the fatty acid content of quinoa seed. Oleic acid (43.735%), palmitic acid (31.339%) and arachidic acid (9.408%) were determined as major fatty acids in poppy seeds. In buckwheat germ, the major fatty acid was oleic acid (38.912%), followed by arachidic acid (33.670%) and palmitic acid (13.858%). As a result of our analysis, it was determined that these seeds are generally rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yağ Asidi, Linum Usitatissumum, Chenopodium Quinoa, Salvia Hispanica, Fagopyrum Esculentum, Papaver Somniferum, Fatty Acid, Linum Usitatissumum, Chenopodium Quinoa, Salvia Hispanica, Fagopyrum Esculentum, Papaver Somniferum
