Mutation, DNA damage, repair mechanisms and the relation of cancer [Mutasyon, DNA hasari,onarim mekani·zmalari ve kanserle i·li·şki·si·]

Genome is under attack of multiple endogenous and exogenous factors which lead to DNA damage. All organisms have DNA repair mechanisms to protect their genetic material from damages caused by environmental factors. DNA repair is an important protective mechanism of cell in the pathway which begins with a single mutation and ends with being formed of damaged DNA and cancer. Many repairing mechanisms which use different biochemical strategies repair a lot of forms of DNA damage. The causal association between genetic alterations and cancer is supported by many experimental and epidemiological data. Genetic instability is the characteristical property of cancer. Mutagenity plays a role either initiation or progression of cancer. DNA repair defects also causes genetic instability and many of cancer types are result of DNA damages which are not repaired.