Promethee hareketi ve Ukrayna
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
1900’lü yılların başından İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar Rusya’ya karşı mücadele eden hareketlerden biri de Promethee olmuştur. Hareketin kuruluş tarihi 1926 diye yazılsa da daha önceden yapılan tüm görüşmeler ile anlaşmalar bu hareketin evvelini ve temelini oluşturmuştur. Polonya, bağımsızlığını kazanmasıyla Rusya’yı parçalama ve bölerek yıkma planlarını hayata geçirmeye başlamıştır. Bu mücadelede Rusya tahakkümü altındaki milletlerle beraber yürüyecek olan Polonya, Avrupa devletlerinin desteğine güvenmiştir. Ukrayna, Azerbaycan, Gürcistan, Türkistan, İmparatorluğun yıkılmasıyla bağımsızlıklarını ilan etmiş ve Avrupa’ya seslerini duyurabilmişlerdi. Lakin kısa süren bu hürriyet yine Rusya sınırları içerisine dahil olarak sona ermiştir. Tek başına mücadele edecek gücü olmayan bu devletler güçlerini birleştirerek Polonya ile beraber hareket etmeye karar vermişlerdir. Arazi, askeri güç, nüfus bakımından en güçlülerden ve en erken bağımsızlığını kazanan devletlerden biri olan Ukrayna, hareketin mihenk taşı olmuştur. Simon Petlura’nın Pilsudski ile yaptığı anlaşmayla başlayan ortak mücadele, Azerbaycan, Gürcistan, Şimali Kafkasya, Kırım, Türkistan, İdil-Ural, Don, Kuban Kazakları ve diğerlerinin de katılmasıyla İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar devam etmiştir. Promethee hareketi adını alan bu mücadelede eski devlet başkanları Mehmed Emin Resulzade, Noi Jordaniya, Simon Petlura, Ukrayna dışişleri bakanı Oleksandr Shulgin, Türk dünyasını bu hareketle tanıştıran Ayaz İshaki, Mustafa Çokay, Zeki Velidi Togan, Sadri Maksudi, Ali Merdan Topçubaşı, Seydahmet Kırımer, Said Şamil gibi isimler yer almıştır. Ülkelerini terk edip muhaceret hayatı yaşamak zorunda kalan bu isimler Paris, Varşova, Berlin gibi merkezlerde bir araya gelmişler farklı komite, merkezler, istihbarat birimleri oluşturarak, dergi, gazete, bülten, bildiri yayınlayarak, eğitim ve kültür merkezlerinde propaganda yaparak Avrupa’nın dikkatini çekmeye, Rusya’nın uyguladığı sömürgeci siyaseti dünyaya göstermeye çalışmışlardır.
One of the movements that fought against Russia from the early 1900s till the Second World War was Promethee. Although the date of establishment of the movement was written as 1926, all previous negotiations and agreements had formed the basis of this movement. After Poland gained its independence, it began to realize their own plans about dividing and demolishing Russia. In this struggle, Poland which would advanced on with the nations under the domination of Russia, had relied on the support of European states. Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkestan declared their independence by the fall of Russian Empire and made hear Europe their voices. However, this short-term freedom again ended inside of the Russian borders. Thus, these states, which had no power to fight alone, decided to unite forces with Poland. Ukraine which was one of the strongest in terms of land, military power, population, and one of the earliest states that won her independence, had become the touchstone of the movement. The common struggle that began with Simon Petlura's agreement with Pilsudski continued until World War II with the participation of Azerbaijan, Georgia, North Caucasus, Crimea, Turkestan, Idil-Ural, Don, Kuban Cossacks and others. In this movement which would been named Promethee took place names such Mehmed Emin Resulzade, Noi Jordaniya, Simon Petlura, who were heads of states, Oleksander ShulginMinister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine,Mustafa Çokay, Zeki Velidi Togan, Sadri Maksudi, Ali Merdan Topçubaşı, Seydahmet Kırımer, Said Shamil and Ayaz Ishaki who introduced this movement to Turkish world. Those names who had to leave their countries and live immigration life had been gathered in centers such as Paris, Warsaw, Berlin, tried to call attention of Europe and show to the world the colonial policy of Russia by making propaganda in different committees, centers, intelligence units, magazines, newspapers, bulletins, declarations, education and cultural centers.
One of the movements that fought against Russia from the early 1900s till the Second World War was Promethee. Although the date of establishment of the movement was written as 1926, all previous negotiations and agreements had formed the basis of this movement. After Poland gained its independence, it began to realize their own plans about dividing and demolishing Russia. In this struggle, Poland which would advanced on with the nations under the domination of Russia, had relied on the support of European states. Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkestan declared their independence by the fall of Russian Empire and made hear Europe their voices. However, this short-term freedom again ended inside of the Russian borders. Thus, these states, which had no power to fight alone, decided to unite forces with Poland. Ukraine which was one of the strongest in terms of land, military power, population, and one of the earliest states that won her independence, had become the touchstone of the movement. The common struggle that began with Simon Petlura's agreement with Pilsudski continued until World War II with the participation of Azerbaijan, Georgia, North Caucasus, Crimea, Turkestan, Idil-Ural, Don, Kuban Cossacks and others. In this movement which would been named Promethee took place names such Mehmed Emin Resulzade, Noi Jordaniya, Simon Petlura, who were heads of states, Oleksander ShulginMinister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine,Mustafa Çokay, Zeki Velidi Togan, Sadri Maksudi, Ali Merdan Topçubaşı, Seydahmet Kırımer, Said Shamil and Ayaz Ishaki who introduced this movement to Turkish world. Those names who had to leave their countries and live immigration life had been gathered in centers such as Paris, Warsaw, Berlin, tried to call attention of Europe and show to the world the colonial policy of Russia by making propaganda in different committees, centers, intelligence units, magazines, newspapers, bulletins, declarations, education and cultural centers.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Promethee, Ukrayna, Polonya, Muhaceret, Ukraine, Poland, Immigration
