Alpamış ve Prens Marko Destanlarında kahramanın erginlenmesi
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2012
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Sosyal ve kültürel olarak farklı özelliklere sahip toplumların anlatmaları arasındaki benzerlikler pek çok çalışmanın esin kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Söz konusu çalışmalardan biri Orta Asya Türk destanları ile Balkan Slav destanları arasındaki ilişkinin konu edildiği Albert Bates Lord’un “Central Asiatic and Balkan Epic” adını taşıyan makalesidir. Lord’un bu makalesinden hareketle, makalemizde Balkan Slav destancılık geleneğinde oluşturulan “Tatar Zindanında Marko” ve “Hazak Zindanında Prens Marko” adlı iki Sırp-Hırvat destanı ile Alpamış Destanı’nın Özbek versiyonu arasındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar incelenmiştir. İncelemede, Joseph Campbell’ın “Kahramanın Sonsuz Yolculuğu” adlı eserinde belirttiği kahramanın dönüşü anlatmalarının hepsinin temelinde bir erginlenme öyküsü bulunduğu görüşü esas alınmış olup, karşılaştırmaya konu destanlar “kahramanın erginlenmesi” yapısı ve “Gelişme Kuramı” çerçevesinde “Kahramanın Esir Edilmesi ve Zindanda Tutulması”, “Kahramanın Ailesi/Yakınlarına Haber Göndermesi ve Düşman Kızıyla İlişki Kurması” ve “Kahramanın Esaretten Kurtuluşu” alt başlıkları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, inceleme konusu olan destanların kahramanları arasındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar tespit edilerek, söz konusu benzerlik ve farklılıkların nedenleri tartışılmıştır.
The similarities between narratives that belong to societies which have different social and cultural structures have been source of inspiration for many studies. One of this studies is Albert Bates Lord’s article named “Central Asiatic and Balkan Epic” in which was entreated the relation between Central Asia Turk and Balkan Slavic epics. In our article, the similarities and differences between two Serbo-Croatian epics titled “Marko in Tatar Dungeon” and “Prince Marko in Azov Dungeon” formed within Balkan Slavic epic tradition and Uzbek version of the Alpamysh epic were analyzed with reference to the mentioned Lord’s article. The analyze was grounded on Joseph Campbell’s view that in the base of every “return of a hero” narrative lies a story about initiation which he presented in his work titled “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”. The epics in question were evaluated within the scope of “initiation of a hero” structure and “Evolutionary Theory” under these subtitles: “Capturing of a Hero and His Falling into a Dungeon”, “Sending a Message to Hero’s Family/Relatives and Contacting Enemy’s Daughter” and “Rescuing of a Hero”. After revealing similarities and differences between heroes of analyzed epics, the reasons for those similarities and differences were discussed.
The similarities between narratives that belong to societies which have different social and cultural structures have been source of inspiration for many studies. One of this studies is Albert Bates Lord’s article named “Central Asiatic and Balkan Epic” in which was entreated the relation between Central Asia Turk and Balkan Slavic epics. In our article, the similarities and differences between two Serbo-Croatian epics titled “Marko in Tatar Dungeon” and “Prince Marko in Azov Dungeon” formed within Balkan Slavic epic tradition and Uzbek version of the Alpamysh epic were analyzed with reference to the mentioned Lord’s article. The analyze was grounded on Joseph Campbell’s view that in the base of every “return of a hero” narrative lies a story about initiation which he presented in his work titled “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”. The epics in question were evaluated within the scope of “initiation of a hero” structure and “Evolutionary Theory” under these subtitles: “Capturing of a Hero and His Falling into a Dungeon”, “Sending a Message to Hero’s Family/Relatives and Contacting Enemy’s Daughter” and “Rescuing of a Hero”. After revealing similarities and differences between heroes of analyzed epics, the reasons for those similarities and differences were discussed.
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