Bazı yerli ve yeni melez üzüm çeşitlerinin ampelografisi ile biyolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1995
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışma 1995 yılında Manisa Bağcılık Araştırma Enstitüsünde kurulan kolleksiyon bağında ve laboratuvarlarında yapılmıştır. Araştırmada yerli çeşit olarak: Silken Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, Saçalan, Sık Sarı, Pembe Salma, Sika; yeni melez çeşit olarak Yalova Çekirdeksizi, Ata Sarısı, Uslu, Yalova İncisi çeşitleri ele alınarak bunların ampelografik ve biyolojik özellikleri tesbit edilmiştir. İncelenen ampelografik özellikle; genç sürgün, sürgün, genç yaprak, olgun yaprak, çiçek salkımı, meyve salkımı, tane ve çekirdek adı altında gruplandırılmıştır. Bunların tesbitinde IBPGR'nin uluslararası yöntemi kullanılmıştır. OIV ve UPOV değerlerine göre ölçüm yapılmıştır. Biyolojik özelliklerde ise; Fenolojik olaylar, fenolojik devrelerin müddeti, fenolojik devrelerin sıcaklık toplamı, vegetatif gelişme ile ilgil bulgular ve generatif gelişim ile ilgili bulgular adı altında gruplandırılmıştır. Bunların ölçümleri sonucu elde edilen veriler bilgisayarın TARİST sisteminde istatistik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, 1. Ampelografik özelliklerin sonucunda; 1.1. Sürgün ucunun şekli bütün çeşitlerde "açık" tipinde bulunmuştur. 1.2. Bütün çeşitlerde yünsü tüyler dik tüylere nazaran daha hakim bir görünüşe sahip olmuştur. Yünsü tüyler bakımından sürgün ucu ile genç yaprak ve olgun yaprağın alt yüzü arasında sıkı bir ilişki vardır, örneğin sürgün ucu ve genç yaprakta yünsü tüylülük varsa bu durum olgun yaprağın alt yüzeyinde de aynı ölçüde bulunmuştur. 1.3. Sürgün duruşu dik ile yatık arasında değişim gösterdiği tesbit edilmiştir. Yatık duruşlu olanlar; Pembe Salman, Hacıefe Üzümü, Yalova Çekirdeksizi; yan dik olanlar ise Sika, Sık Sarı, Uslu, Yalova İncisidir Dik olanlar ise Silken Sarı, Saçalan ve Ata Sarışıdır. I 4. Yaprak ayasının şekli bakımından hepsi beş parçalıdır120 1.5. Kış gözlerinde antosiyanin varlığı "zayıf ile "yok" normlarına rastlanmıştır. Zayıf olanlar Pembe Salman, Silken Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, Sık Sarı, Uslu, Yalova Çekirdeksizi; yok olanlar ise Sika, Saçalan, Yalova incisi, Ata Sarışıdır 1.6. Yaprak sap cebinin şekli "açık", "kapalı", "az üst üste binmiş" ve "az açık" sınırları arasındadır. Az açık olan, Pembe Salman. Kapalı olanlar, Silken Sarı, Sika, Saçalan. Az üst üste binmiş, Sık Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, açık olanlar ise Uslu, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı ve Yalova Çekirdeksizidir. 17. Çeşitlerin hepsi erselik çiçek yapısında olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. 1.8. Salkım sıklığı bakımından, "gevşek"ten "sık"a kadar değişen bir dağılım göstermektedir. "Sık" sınıfına giren çeşitler, Sika, Pembe Salman ve Hacıefe Üzümüdür. Diğer çeşitler Saçalan (gevşek) dışında hepsi normal salkım oluşturan sınıflara girmiştir. 1.9. Çeşitlerde aynı salkım üzerindeki tanelerin Pembe Salman, Hacıefe Üzümü ve Saçalan homojen ve diğerleri homojen değildir. 1.10. Çekirdek özellikleri bakımından elde edilen sonuçlarda Yalova Çekirdeksizinde çekirdek yumuşak ve iz halinde olduğu, diğerlerinde ise çekirdek bulunmaktadır. 2. Biyolojik Özellikler 2.1. Fenolojik Olaylar 2.1.1. Çeşitler arasında Yalova İncisi (9 Mart) en erken uyanan çeşit olmuştur. Bunu Saçalan, Uslu, Pembe Salman, Ata Şansı, Yalova Çekirdeksizi, Sika, Silken Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü çeşitleri takip etmiştir. En geç uyanan çeşit ise Sık Sarı (5 Nisan) olmuştur. 2.1.2. Çiçeklenme zamanı bakımından en erkenci çeşit Uslu (19 Mayıs) olmuştur. Bunu Sık Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı, Silken Sarı, Sika, Saçalan takip etmiştir. En geç çiçeklenen çeşitler Yalova Çekirdeksizi ve Pembe Salman (26 Mayıs) olmuştur. 2.1.3. Çeşitler arasında Uslu en erken ben düşme tarihine (26 Temmuz) sahiptir. En geç ben düşen Ata Sarısı (2 Ağustos) olmuştur.121 2.1.4. Çalışılan çeşitler arasında Uslu (17 Temmuz) en erken olgunlaşmıştır. Bu çeşidi Yalova İncisi, Hacıefe Üzümü, Saçalan, Yalova Çekirdeksizi, Sika, Silken Sarı, Sık San takip etmiştir. En geç olgunlaşan çeşit ise Pembe Salman çeşidi (26 Eylül) olmuştur. 2.1.5. Uyanma ile çiçeklenme devresi arasında en kısa periyod Sık Sarı (45 gün) olmuştur. Bu çeşidin sıcaklık toplamı 344.9°C-gün. En uzun periyod Yalova İncisinde 73 gün olmuştur. Bu çeşidin sıcaklık toplamı 353.6°C-gün bulunmuştur. 2.1.6. Çiçeklenme ile olgunlaşma noktaları arasındaki periyod en kısa Saçalan 82 gün olmuştur. Bu çeşidin sıcaklık toplamı 1495.1°C-gün bulunmuştur. En uzun periyod Pembe Salman (123 gün) bulunmuştur. Bu çeşidin sıcaklık toplamı 21 13.8°C- gün bulunmuştur. 2.1.7. Çeşitlerin meyve olgunlaşması için ihtiyaç duydukları sıcaklık toplamı birbirinden farklı bulunmuştur. En erkenci olan Usluda 1025.7°C-gün iken üzümleri en geç olgunlaştıran Pembe Salmanda 21 13.8°C-gün bulunmuştur. 2.2. Vegetatif Karakterler 2.2.1. En yüksek affinite katsayısı olarak Silken Sarı (1 1.789) en düşük katsayı ise Yalova İncisinde (1 1.415) görülmüştür. 2.2.2. En yüksek çubuk verimliliği Ata Sarısında (4.162 kg) en düşük çubuk ağırlığı is Hacıefe Üzümünde (1. 766 kg) tesbit edilmiştir. 2.2.3. En fazla ortalama sürgün uzunluğu Ata Sarısı (381 cm) en düşük ortalama Silken Sarı (145.4 cm) göstermiştir. 2.2.4. En fazla sürgün başına boğum adedi Silken San (34.20 adet) en düşük sürgün başına boğum sayısı ise Sika (22.60 adet) tesbit edilmiştir. 2.2.5. En fazla uyanan göz adedi Yalova İncisi (29.2 adet) en düşük uyanan göz adesi Sık Sarı (20.40 adet) olarak saptanmıştır. 2 2.6. En fazla gelişme hızı Ata Sarısında (maksimum 70 cm) en düşük gelişme hızı ise Silken Sarı ve Hacıefe Üzümü çeşitlerinde görülmüştür. 2.3. Generatif Karakter122 2.3.1. Omca başına en fazla infloressens sayısı en fazla Yalova İncisinde (43.80) saptanmıştır. Omca başına en düşük infloressens sayısı Silken San çeşidinde (17.40) tesbit edilmiştir. 2.3.2. Salkım ağırlığı en fazla Ata Sarısı (544.80 g). En az Uslu'da (266.40) tesbit edilmiştir. 2.3.3. Çeşitlerde en fazla üzüm verimi Hacıefe Üzümü (16.440 kg) saptanmıştır. Bunu Ata Sarısı, Sika, Yalova İncisi, Uslu, Saçalan, Silken Sarı takip etmektedir. En az verim Yalova Çekirdeksizinde (7.840 kg) tesbit edilmiştir. 2.3.4. En büyük meyve Ata Sarısı çeşidinde (782 g /100). Buna karşın en küçük meyve Sık San (180 g /100) çeşidinde tesbit edilmiştir. 2.3.5. En fazla asit miktarı Saçalan (%7.7) en düşük asit miktari ise Ata Sarısında (%3.98) tesbit edilmiştir
i 23 SUMMARY This study has been carried out collection vineyard and laboratory of Viticultural Research Institute of Manisa in 1995. Silken Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, Saçalan, Sık San, Pembe Salman, Sika were used as a domestical varieties Yalova Çekirdeksizi, Ata Sarısı, Uslu, Yalova İncisi, were used as a new hybrid varieties. Their ampelographic and biological characteristics were determined. The ampelographic characteristics that were investigated are grouped as; young shoot, shoot, young leaf, mature leaf, infloressence cluster, berry, seed. The international method applied by IBPGR is used for classification. Measurement were determined in OIV and UPOV methods. The biological characteristics that were investigated are grouped as; phenological observation, result of vegetative and generative stages. Results were calculated randomize-design on TARIST statistical computer program. In the result of this study; 1. Ampelographic Characters 1.1. In all of the varieties, from of shoot thip was found as "open". 1.2. In all of the varieties, prostrade hairs were stronger than erect hair. There are stronger relation between stood tip, young leaf and mature leaf for prostrate hair on stood tip and young leaf, same density prostrate hair was found under mature leaf. 1.3. In stood attitude of all the varieties were changed between erect to drooping in horizantal stood attitude were found as Pembe Salman, Hacıefe Üzümü, Yalova Çekirdeksizi; semi-erect stood attitude were found as Sika, Sık Sarı, Uslu, Yalova incisi; erect stood attitude were found as Silken Sarı, Saçalan, Ata Sarısı. 1.4. In all of the varieties had 5 lops. 1.5. In all of the varieties, anthocyanin colovration of bud was changed between "absent" to "very strong" in wsjnter buds. Week anthocyanin colovration of bud were found as Pembe Salman, Silken Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, Sık Sarı, Uslu,124 Yalova Çekirdeksizi; absent anthoyanin colouration of bud were found as Sika, Saçalan, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı. 1.6. Shape of the base of petiole sinus was changed between "open", "close", "lobes slightly overlapping", "Iobesstrongly overlapping". Lobes slightly overlapping shape was Pembe Salman; close sape were Silken San, Sika, Saçalan; lobes strongly overlapping shape were Sık Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü; open shape were Uslu, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı, Yalova Çekirdeksizi. 1.7. In all of the varieties infloressence were found as hermaphrodite. 1.8. Sika, Pembe Salman and Hacıefe Üzümü varieties bunch density were found as "dense bunch"; Saçalan varieties bunch density was found, "loose bunch"; all the other varieties bunch density was found "medium bunch". 1.9. Pembe Salman, Hacıefe Üzümü and Saçalan varieties berry were investigated uniform on the same bunch, all the other varieties were not uniform. 1.10. In the result of the seed characteristic, in all of the varieties expect Yalova Çekirdeksizi, were found as exactly seed where as in Yalova Çekirdeksizi as rediment seed. 2. Biological Characters; 2.1. Phenological observation 2.1.1. Among varieties, the earliest budbreak was found in Yalova İncisi (9lh of March) and was followed in the order of Saçalan, Uslu, Pembe Salman, Ata Sarısı, Hacıefe Üzümü. The latest bud burst was observed in Sık San (5th of April). 2. 1.2. Uslu (19lh of May) was found as the earliest variety in respect to bloom time and was bloomed by Sık San, Hacıefe Üzümü, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı, Silken San, Sika, Saçalan. The latest flowering were in Yalova Çekirdeksizi and Pembe Salman (26,h of May). 2.1.3. Among varieties, the earliest veraison time was found in Uslu (26lh of June) and the latest veraison time was in Ata Sarısı variety (2ml of August). 2. 1.4. Among varieties, the earliest maturation was found in Uslu ( 1 7,h of July) and was fallowed by Yalova İncisi, Hacıefe Üzümü, Saçalan, Yalova Çekirdeksizi,[25 Sika, Silken Şan, Sık Sarı. The latest maturation was in Pembe Salman variety (2611' of September). 2.1.5. In respect to the period between bud burst and flowering, the shortest period was found in Sık San (45 days). Heta summation was found as 344.9°C-day. The longest period was found in Yalova İncisi (73 days). Heat summation found as 353.6°C-day in this variety. 2.1.6. From the view point of the period between flowering and maturation the shortest period was found in Saçalan (82 days). Heat summation found as 1495.1°C-day in this variety. Yhe longest period was was found in Pembe Salman (123 days). Heat summation found as 21 13.8°C-day in this variety. 2.1.7. Heat summation required for fruit maturation was found to be different among varieties Uslu found as the earliest variety had 1025.7°C-day heat summation. The latest variety Pembe Salman, required 21 13.8°C-day heat summation. 2.2. Vagetative characters 2.2.1. The highest coefficient of affinitte was found in Silken San (11.789), the lowest coefficient of affinitte was found in Yalova incisi (1 1.415). 2.2.2. The highest puring weight was found in Ata Sarısı (4.162 kg) and the lowest puring weight has been determined with Hacıefe Üzümü (1.766 kg). 2.2.3. The longest mean lenght of shoot was found in Ata Sarısı (381 cm) in contrast the shortest mean lenght of shoot was found in Silken Sari (145.4 cm). 2.2.4. The highest node number per shoot has been determined with Silken San (34.20 number per shoot). The lowest node number per shoot has been found with Sika (22.60 number per shoot). 2.2.5. The highest bud break number per vine has been determined with Yalova İncisi (29.2 number per vine). The lowest bud break number per vine has been found with Sika (20.4 number per vine). 2.2.6. The highest development speed of shoot found in Ata Sarısı (max. 70 cm). The lowest development speed of shoot was found in Silken San and Hacıefe Üzümü (max. 33 cm).126 2.3. Generative characters 2.3. 1. The highest infloressence number per vine determined in Yalova İncisi (43.80 number per vine). The lowest infloressence number per vine was determined in Silken San variety (17.40 number per vine). 2.3.2. The highest bunch weight was obtained in Ata Sarısı (544.80 g). The lowest bunch weight was found in Uslu (266.40 g). 2.3.3. The highest yield was determined in Hacıefe Üzümü (16.440 kg/vine). This is followed by Ata Sarısı, Sika, Yalova İncisi, Uslu, Saçalan, Silken San. The lowest yield was obtained in Yalova Çekirdeksizi (7.840 kg/vine). 2.3.4. In this determination the biggest berry size was measured in Ata Sarısı varieties (782 g/100) in contrast the smallest berry size was measured in Sık San (180 g/100). 2.3.5. The highest acidity content of grapes were obtained in Saçalan (%7.7) in contrast the lowest acidity content was obtained in Ata Sarısı.
i 23 SUMMARY This study has been carried out collection vineyard and laboratory of Viticultural Research Institute of Manisa in 1995. Silken Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, Saçalan, Sık San, Pembe Salman, Sika were used as a domestical varieties Yalova Çekirdeksizi, Ata Sarısı, Uslu, Yalova İncisi, were used as a new hybrid varieties. Their ampelographic and biological characteristics were determined. The ampelographic characteristics that were investigated are grouped as; young shoot, shoot, young leaf, mature leaf, infloressence cluster, berry, seed. The international method applied by IBPGR is used for classification. Measurement were determined in OIV and UPOV methods. The biological characteristics that were investigated are grouped as; phenological observation, result of vegetative and generative stages. Results were calculated randomize-design on TARIST statistical computer program. In the result of this study; 1. Ampelographic Characters 1.1. In all of the varieties, from of shoot thip was found as "open". 1.2. In all of the varieties, prostrade hairs were stronger than erect hair. There are stronger relation between stood tip, young leaf and mature leaf for prostrate hair on stood tip and young leaf, same density prostrate hair was found under mature leaf. 1.3. In stood attitude of all the varieties were changed between erect to drooping in horizantal stood attitude were found as Pembe Salman, Hacıefe Üzümü, Yalova Çekirdeksizi; semi-erect stood attitude were found as Sika, Sık Sarı, Uslu, Yalova incisi; erect stood attitude were found as Silken Sarı, Saçalan, Ata Sarısı. 1.4. In all of the varieties had 5 lops. 1.5. In all of the varieties, anthocyanin colovration of bud was changed between "absent" to "very strong" in wsjnter buds. Week anthocyanin colovration of bud were found as Pembe Salman, Silken Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü, Sık Sarı, Uslu,124 Yalova Çekirdeksizi; absent anthoyanin colouration of bud were found as Sika, Saçalan, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı. 1.6. Shape of the base of petiole sinus was changed between "open", "close", "lobes slightly overlapping", "Iobesstrongly overlapping". Lobes slightly overlapping shape was Pembe Salman; close sape were Silken San, Sika, Saçalan; lobes strongly overlapping shape were Sık Sarı, Hacıefe Üzümü; open shape were Uslu, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı, Yalova Çekirdeksizi. 1.7. In all of the varieties infloressence were found as hermaphrodite. 1.8. Sika, Pembe Salman and Hacıefe Üzümü varieties bunch density were found as "dense bunch"; Saçalan varieties bunch density was found, "loose bunch"; all the other varieties bunch density was found "medium bunch". 1.9. Pembe Salman, Hacıefe Üzümü and Saçalan varieties berry were investigated uniform on the same bunch, all the other varieties were not uniform. 1.10. In the result of the seed characteristic, in all of the varieties expect Yalova Çekirdeksizi, were found as exactly seed where as in Yalova Çekirdeksizi as rediment seed. 2. Biological Characters; 2.1. Phenological observation 2.1.1. Among varieties, the earliest budbreak was found in Yalova İncisi (9lh of March) and was followed in the order of Saçalan, Uslu, Pembe Salman, Ata Sarısı, Hacıefe Üzümü. The latest bud burst was observed in Sık San (5th of April). 2. 1.2. Uslu (19lh of May) was found as the earliest variety in respect to bloom time and was bloomed by Sık San, Hacıefe Üzümü, Yalova İncisi, Ata Sarısı, Silken San, Sika, Saçalan. The latest flowering were in Yalova Çekirdeksizi and Pembe Salman (26,h of May). 2.1.3. Among varieties, the earliest veraison time was found in Uslu (26lh of June) and the latest veraison time was in Ata Sarısı variety (2ml of August). 2. 1.4. Among varieties, the earliest maturation was found in Uslu ( 1 7,h of July) and was fallowed by Yalova İncisi, Hacıefe Üzümü, Saçalan, Yalova Çekirdeksizi,[25 Sika, Silken Şan, Sık Sarı. The latest maturation was in Pembe Salman variety (2611' of September). 2.1.5. In respect to the period between bud burst and flowering, the shortest period was found in Sık San (45 days). Heta summation was found as 344.9°C-day. The longest period was found in Yalova İncisi (73 days). Heat summation found as 353.6°C-day in this variety. 2.1.6. From the view point of the period between flowering and maturation the shortest period was found in Saçalan (82 days). Heat summation found as 1495.1°C-day in this variety. Yhe longest period was was found in Pembe Salman (123 days). Heat summation found as 21 13.8°C-day in this variety. 2.1.7. Heat summation required for fruit maturation was found to be different among varieties Uslu found as the earliest variety had 1025.7°C-day heat summation. The latest variety Pembe Salman, required 21 13.8°C-day heat summation. 2.2. Vagetative characters 2.2.1. The highest coefficient of affinitte was found in Silken San (11.789), the lowest coefficient of affinitte was found in Yalova incisi (1 1.415). 2.2.2. The highest puring weight was found in Ata Sarısı (4.162 kg) and the lowest puring weight has been determined with Hacıefe Üzümü (1.766 kg). 2.2.3. The longest mean lenght of shoot was found in Ata Sarısı (381 cm) in contrast the shortest mean lenght of shoot was found in Silken Sari (145.4 cm). 2.2.4. The highest node number per shoot has been determined with Silken San (34.20 number per shoot). The lowest node number per shoot has been found with Sika (22.60 number per shoot). 2.2.5. The highest bud break number per vine has been determined with Yalova İncisi (29.2 number per vine). The lowest bud break number per vine has been found with Sika (20.4 number per vine). 2.2.6. The highest development speed of shoot found in Ata Sarısı (max. 70 cm). The lowest development speed of shoot was found in Silken San and Hacıefe Üzümü (max. 33 cm).126 2.3. Generative characters 2.3. 1. The highest infloressence number per vine determined in Yalova İncisi (43.80 number per vine). The lowest infloressence number per vine was determined in Silken San variety (17.40 number per vine). 2.3.2. The highest bunch weight was obtained in Ata Sarısı (544.80 g). The lowest bunch weight was found in Uslu (266.40 g). 2.3.3. The highest yield was determined in Hacıefe Üzümü (16.440 kg/vine). This is followed by Ata Sarısı, Sika, Yalova İncisi, Uslu, Saçalan, Silken San. The lowest yield was obtained in Yalova Çekirdeksizi (7.840 kg/vine). 2.3.4. In this determination the biggest berry size was measured in Ata Sarısı varieties (782 g/100) in contrast the smallest berry size was measured in Sık San (180 g/100). 2.3.5. The highest acidity content of grapes were obtained in Saçalan (%7.7) in contrast the lowest acidity content was obtained in Ata Sarısı.
Açıklama
Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Ampelografik özellikler, Ampelographic characteristics, Üzüm, Grape
