Serviks kanseri erken tanısı için pap smear testi yaptıran ve yaptırmayan kadınların sağlık inanç modeli'ne göre değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma, 30-65 yaş arası, cinsel aktif olan, total histerektomi olmamış, pap smear testi yaptıran ve yaptırmayan kadınların Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği'ne göre karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı, kesitsel tipte bir alan araştırmasıdır. Araştırma, Narlıdere 2. İnönü Aile Sağlığı Merkezi'nde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Şubat 2018-Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasında, birimde kayıtlı olan kadınlar oluşturmuştur (n:329). Pap smear testi yaptıranların sayısı 166, yaptırmayanların sayısı 163 olarak belirlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Serviks Kanseri Erken Tanısı için Pap smear Testi Yaptıran ve Yaptırmayan Kadınların Sağlık İnanç Modeli'ne Göre Karşılaştırılmasına ilişkin Anket Form ve Serviks Kanseri ve Pap Smear Testi Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği kullanılarak, elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS (Statistical Package For Social Science) programı ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, ki kare analizi, cronbach α güvenilirlik katsayısı ve student t testi aracılığıyla yüzdelik dağılımlar, standart sapma ve ortalama değerleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Pap smear testi yaptıran kadınların (%51.8), yaptırmayan kadınlara (%27) göre daha düzenli jinekoljik muayene olduğu, vajinada siğil görülme durumunun pap smear testi yaptıranlarda daha fazla (yaptıran %8.4, yaptırmayan %1.8) olduğu, serviks kanseri erken tanısı hakkında bilgi alma durumunun pap smear testi yaptıranlarda %37.3, yaptırmayanlarda ise %27.6 olup iki grup arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Pap smear yaptıran kadınlarda ölçek alt boyutlarında en düşük ortalama 6.36±1.90, en yüksek ortalama 29.52±7.30'dir. Pap smear yaptırmayanlarda en düşük ortalama 6.26±1.82, en yüksek ortalama 39.09±7.25'dir. İki grup arasında, yarar ve motivasyon (yaptıran 8.11±1.68, yaptırmayan 7.70±1.78), sağlık motivasyonu (yaptıran 28.69±2.77, yaptırmayan 26.53±2.73) ortalamalarının, test yaptıranlarda, yaptırmayanlara oranla daha fazla olduğu saptanmış ve anlamlı derecede farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Engel algısı alt ölçeği puan ortalamalarında testi yaptırmayanların (39.09±7.25), yaptıranlara (29.52±7.30) göre daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiş ve aralarında engel algısı puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ölçeğin, Cronbach alpha değeri 0.77'dir. Sonuç olarak; kadınların üreme sağlığı ve serviks kanseri erken tanı-tarama konusunda sağlık davranışlarında engel faktörlerini belirleyebilmek için sağlık inançlarının değerlendirildiği araştırılmalara ağırlık verilmesi gerektiği ortaya konmuştur. Özellikle risk altındaki kadınların serviks kanserinden korunma ve erken tanı programlarına yönlendirmelerinde ebelere düşen görevlerin olduğunu göstermektedir.
The aim of this study was to compare 30-65 years of sexually active women who had no total hysterectomy and who had or didn't have pap smear test according to Health Belief Model Scale. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional field study. The research was conducted in Narlıdere 2. İnönü Family Health Center. The sample of the study consisted of women registered in İnönü Family Health Center No. 2 between February 2018 and June 2018 (n: 329). In this study, the number of women having pap smear test is166, women not having pap smear test is 163. As a data collection tool, a questionnaire on the comparison of women who had and didn't have Pap smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer according to Health Belief Model and Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Belief Model Scale was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Data were evaluated with chi-square analysis, cronbach's α coefficient and student t test with percentage distributions, standard deviation and mean values. The women having pap smear test (%51.8) have more regular gynecologic examination than the women not having (%27), HPV warts or genital warts was more common in those who had pap smear test (%8.4) who did it, (%1.8) who didn't, the case of getting information about early diagnosis of cervical cancer is more common in those having pap smears (%37.3) than not having (%27.6). There was found a statistically significant difference between the two groups according to these data (p <0.05). It was found that the lowest mean of all subscale mean scores was 6.36 ± 1.90, the highest mean was 29.52 ± 7.30 in women who had pap smear, and the lowest mean was 6.26 ± 1.82 and 39.09 ± 7.25 in women without pap smear. Between the two groups, the mean values of benefit and motivation (8.11±1.68, 7.70±1.78, 7.70±1.78), health motivation (28.69±2.77, 26.53 ± 2.73) were higher in women who had pap smear test compared to those who did not. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p <0.05). When the mean scores of the obstacle perception subscale were examined, it was found that the women WHO did not undergo pap smear test (39.09 ± 7.25) were higher than the women who had it (29.52±7.30) and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups between the mean scores of the obstacle perception subscale (p<0.05). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.77. As a result; in order to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of women about reproductive health and early diagnosis and screening of cervical cancer, to determine the perceived obstacle factors in developing preventive health behaviors, researches evaluating health beliefs should be emphasized. It shows that midwives have a duty to direct women at risk to cervical cancer prevention and early diagnosis programs.
The aim of this study was to compare 30-65 years of sexually active women who had no total hysterectomy and who had or didn't have pap smear test according to Health Belief Model Scale. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional field study. The research was conducted in Narlıdere 2. İnönü Family Health Center. The sample of the study consisted of women registered in İnönü Family Health Center No. 2 between February 2018 and June 2018 (n: 329). In this study, the number of women having pap smear test is166, women not having pap smear test is 163. As a data collection tool, a questionnaire on the comparison of women who had and didn't have Pap smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer according to Health Belief Model and Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Belief Model Scale was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Data were evaluated with chi-square analysis, cronbach's α coefficient and student t test with percentage distributions, standard deviation and mean values. The women having pap smear test (%51.8) have more regular gynecologic examination than the women not having (%27), HPV warts or genital warts was more common in those who had pap smear test (%8.4) who did it, (%1.8) who didn't, the case of getting information about early diagnosis of cervical cancer is more common in those having pap smears (%37.3) than not having (%27.6). There was found a statistically significant difference between the two groups according to these data (p <0.05). It was found that the lowest mean of all subscale mean scores was 6.36 ± 1.90, the highest mean was 29.52 ± 7.30 in women who had pap smear, and the lowest mean was 6.26 ± 1.82 and 39.09 ± 7.25 in women without pap smear. Between the two groups, the mean values of benefit and motivation (8.11±1.68, 7.70±1.78, 7.70±1.78), health motivation (28.69±2.77, 26.53 ± 2.73) were higher in women who had pap smear test compared to those who did not. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p <0.05). When the mean scores of the obstacle perception subscale were examined, it was found that the women WHO did not undergo pap smear test (39.09 ± 7.25) were higher than the women who had it (29.52±7.30) and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups between the mean scores of the obstacle perception subscale (p<0.05). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.77. As a result; in order to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of women about reproductive health and early diagnosis and screening of cervical cancer, to determine the perceived obstacle factors in developing preventive health behaviors, researches evaluating health beliefs should be emphasized. It shows that midwives have a duty to direct women at risk to cervical cancer prevention and early diagnosis programs.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Serviks Kanseri, Pap Smear, Sağlık İnanç Modeli, Cervical Cancer, Health Belief Model
