Halil Rıza Ulutürk-hayatı, sanatı ve şiirleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Azerbaycan topraklarında XX. yüzyılda uygulanan Sovyet tahakkümü, Azerbaycan Türklerinin siyasi ve kültürel hayatına tesir etmiş; aydın, yazar, şair ve eğitimcileri psikolojik bir baskıya maruz bırakmıştır. Azerbaycan Türkleri, Rus ve Ermenilerin yürüttüğü Sovyet kimliği yaratma politikaları ile siyasi, edebî ve kültürel alanda millî bir duruş sergileyerek bağımsızlık mücadelesi vermişlerdir. Azerbaycan yazarları ve şairleri, basın-yayın organları ve edebî eserler aracılığıyla Sovyet prensiplerini reddeden ideallerini duyurmak istemişler ancak Sovyet hükümetinin politik ve kültürel yaptırımları ile karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. “Sosyalist Realizm” ve “İnkılapçı” görüşlere uygun çerçevede yazmak mecburiyetinde kalan Azerbaycan şair ve aydınları, Sovyet prensiplerinin dışına çıktığında ölüm, hapis ve sürgün cezalarına mahkûm edilmiştir. Bu yüzden Sovyet Dönemi Azerbaycan'da kültürel ve politik faaliyetler Sovyetlerin tekelinde gerçekleşmiş ve güdümlü bir edebiyat anlayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. Azerbaycan Türkleri tarafından “İstiklâl Şairi” olarak tanımlanan Halil Rıza Ulutürk (1932-1994), hayatını, millî ideallerini ve edebî eserlerini Azerbaycan‟ın tam bağımsızlığını kazanacağı günlere adamış bir vatan şairidir. Ulutürk, edebî eserlerinde millî bağımsızlık, Türklük, vatan ve vatandaşlık ve ayrıca ana dil mefhumlarını konu edinmiş, millî ideallerini ve görüşlerini Sovyet tahakkümüne rağmen açık ve net ifadeler ile kaleme almıştır. Ulutürk, edebî eserlerini, tercümelerini, şiirlerini ve makalelerini vücuda getirirken Azerbaycan dilinin zenginliğinden ve edebî birikiminden istifade ederek öz Türkçe kelimeler kullanmaya itina göstermiştir. Arapça ve Farsça tamlamalarının etkisinde kalan klasik Türk şiirinin edebî inceliğine ve söz dağarcığına hâkim olan Ulutürk, şiirlerini; Arapça, Rusça ve Farsça sözlerden uzak, duru bir Türkçe ile kaleme almıştır. Azerbaycan‟ın bağımsızlık ideallerini şiirlerinde ana tema olarak işleyen Ulutürk aynı zamanda başarılı tercüme eserleri, makaleleri, poemaları, tenkit ve gazete yazıları ile Azerbaycan edebiyatında millî bir duruş sergilemiş, millî Azerbaycan edebiyatına ivme kazandırmış değerli bir şahsiyettir. Ulutürk‟ün şiirlerinde Azerbaycan‟ın tabiatı, millî unsurları, tarihî ve yaşanan politik ve siyasi hadiseleri konu edilmiştir. Bu bakımdan Ulutürk‟ün eserleri Azerbaycan‟ın siyasi ve tarihî geçmişine ışık tutan vakanüvis niteliği taşımaktadır. Ulutürk aynı zamanda eşi Firengiz Hanım‟a olan duygularını kaleme aldığı lirik şiirleri ile aşk şiirlerinin en güzel örneklerini Azerbaycan edebiyatına kazandırmıştır.
Halil Rıza Ulutürk, şiirlerinde folklorik ve milli unsurlara çoğu zaman yer vermiş, Azerbaycan‟ın millî kahramanlarını şiirlerinde idealize ederek okuyucunun edebî zevkine sunmuştur. Özellikle çocuklar için yazmış olduğu şiirlerinde eğitici olmayı göz önünde bulunduran şair didaktik şiirler kaleme almıştır. Çocuklar için yazdığı şiirlerde Azerbaycan‟ın tarihini, milli kahramanlarını, tabiatını ve millî değerlerini çocuklara öyküleme yolu ile aktaran Ulutürk, yalın ve estetik bir dil ile sanatsal değeri yüksek didaktik şiirler yazmıştır. Ulutürk, şiirlerinde işlediği mefhumlar itibariyle ortaya koyduğu millî tavır şiirlerinin biçim, şekil ve üslup özelliklerine de yansıtmıştır. Ulutürk, aruz ve hece ölçüsünün tüm inceliklerine hâkim bir şair olarak hem aruz ölçüsünde hem hece ölçüsünde şiirler kaleme almıştır. Ulutürk‟ü diğer Azerbaycan şairlerinden ayıran bir özellik vardır ki o da şairin hece ölçüsü ile aruz ölçüsünü bir arada kullanabilmesidir. Şiirlerinde aruz ölçüsünü uygularken millî tavrından taviz vermemiş daha çok hece ölçüsüne yakınlık gösteren aruz kalıpları ile şiirlerine şekil vermiştir. Ulutürk‟ün şiirleri beyit, üçlük, dörtlük ve bent nazım birimleriyle yazılmış ve şair şiirlerini Azerbaycan şiirinin geleneksel ve çağdaş formlarına göre şekillendirmiştir. Ulutürk, dörtlüklerini koşma, semai ve mani gibi geleneksel formlara uygun biçimde kaleme almıştır.
Ulutürk şiirleri Azerbaycan‟ın millî bağımsızlık manifestosu niteliğindedir. Bununla birlikte şairin şiirlerinde görülen yüksek edebî dil, söz dağarcığının genişliği ve çeşitliliği aynı zamanda şiirlerinde görülen ahenk unsurları Ulutürk‟ün sanatsal ve edebî yönünün yetkinliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ulutürk, şiirlerinde yarattığı tonlama ve vurgulamalar ile musikiyi dizelere yansıtmış, okuyucunun kulağına ve gözüne hitap eden estetik değeri yüksek şiirler kaleme almıştır. Bunu Azerbaycan Türkçesinin tüm inceliklerinden istifade ederek yapan şair Azerbaycan şiirine yenilik ve canlılık kazandırmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Halil Rıza Ulutürk‟ün hayatı sanatı ve şiirleri mercek altına alınmış ve şairin şiirlerinde görülen millî unsurlar edebî ve bilimsel çerçevede incelenmiştir.
XX. in the territory of Azerbaijan. The Soviet domination applied in the 19th century affected the political and cultural life of the Azerbaijani Turks; It has exposed intellectuals, writers, poets and educators to a psychological pressure. Azerbaijan Turks fought for independence by displaying a national stance in the political, literary and cultural fields with the Soviet identity creation policies carried out by the Russians and Armenians. Azerbaijani writers and poets wanted to announce their ideals rejecting Soviet principles through the media and literary works, but they were faced with the political and cultural sanctions of the Soviet government. The poets and intellectuals of Azerbaijan, who had to write in accordance with the “Socialist Realism” and “Revolutionary” views, were sentenced to death, imprisonment and exile when they deviated from the Soviet principles. Therefore, in Soviet Era Azerbaijan, cultural and political activities took place under the monopoly of the Soviets and a guided understanding of literature emerged. Halil Rıza Ulutürk (1932-1994), defined as the “Poet of Independence” by Azerbaijani Turks, is a homeland poet who devoted his life, national ideals and literary works to the days when Azerbaijan would gain full independence. In his literary works, Ulutürk dealt with the concepts of national independence, Turkishness, homeland and citizenship, as well as mother tongue, and wrote his national ideals and views with clear and clear expressions despite the Soviet domination. Ulutürk, while bringing his literary works, translations, poems and articles into being, took care to use pure Turkish words by taking advantage of the richness and literary accumulation of the Azerbaijani language. Ulutürk, who has mastered the literary delicacy and vocabulary of classical Turkish poetry, which was influenced by Arabic and Persian phrases, wrote his poems; He wrote in a clear Turkish, far from Arabic, Russian and Persian words. Ulutürk, who treats the ideals of independence of Azerbaijan as the main theme in his poems, is also a valuable figure who has taken a national stance in Azerbaijani literature with his successful translations, articles, poems, criticism and newspaper articles, and accelerated the national Azerbaijani literature. In Ulutürk's poems, the nature of Azerbaijan, its national elements, historical and lived political and political events were discussed. In this respect, the works of Ulutürk are chroniclers that shed light on the political and historical past of Azerbaijan. Ulutürk also brought the best examples of love poems to Azerbaijani literature with his lyric poems, in which he wrote his feelings for his wife, Firengiz Hanım. Halil Rıza Ulutürk often included folkloric and national elements in his poems, idealized the national heroes of Azerbaijan in his poems and presented them to the literary pleasure of the reader. The poet, who considers being educative especially in his poems for children, wrote didactic poems. Ulutürk, who conveyed the history, national heroes, nature and national values of Azerbaijan to children in his poems for children, wrote didactic poems with high artistic value in a plain and aesthetic language. Ulutürk's national attitude, which he put forward in terms of the notions he used in his poems, also reflected the form, shape and style features of his poems. Ulutürk wrote poems in both aruz and syllabic scales as a poet who has mastered all the subtleties of aruz and syllabic meter. There is a feature that distinguishes Ulutürk from other Azerbaijani poets, which is that the poet can use syllabic meter and aruz meter together. While applying the aruz meter in his poems, he did not compromise his national attitude and shaped his poems with aruz patterns that were closer to the syllabic meter. Ulutürk's poems were written in couplet, treble, quatrain and bent verse units and the poet shaped his poems according to traditional and contemporary forms of Azerbaijani poetry. Ulutürk wrote his quatrains in accordance with traditional forms such as running, semai and mani. Ulutürk poems are the national independence manifesto of Azerbaijan. However, the high literary language seen in the poet's poems, the breadth and diversity of his vocabulary, as well as the elements of harmony seen in his poems reveal the competence of Ulutürk's artistic and literary side. Ulutürk reflected the music to the lines with the intonation and emphasis he created in his poems, and wrote poems with high aesthetic value appealing to the ears and eyes of the reader. The poet, who did this by making use of all the subtleties of Azerbaijani Turkish, brought innovation and vitality to Azerbaijani poetry. In this study, the life, art and poems of Halil Rıza Ulutürk were examined and the national elements seen in the poet's poems were examined in a literary and scientific framework.
XX. in the territory of Azerbaijan. The Soviet domination applied in the 19th century affected the political and cultural life of the Azerbaijani Turks; It has exposed intellectuals, writers, poets and educators to a psychological pressure. Azerbaijan Turks fought for independence by displaying a national stance in the political, literary and cultural fields with the Soviet identity creation policies carried out by the Russians and Armenians. Azerbaijani writers and poets wanted to announce their ideals rejecting Soviet principles through the media and literary works, but they were faced with the political and cultural sanctions of the Soviet government. The poets and intellectuals of Azerbaijan, who had to write in accordance with the “Socialist Realism” and “Revolutionary” views, were sentenced to death, imprisonment and exile when they deviated from the Soviet principles. Therefore, in Soviet Era Azerbaijan, cultural and political activities took place under the monopoly of the Soviets and a guided understanding of literature emerged. Halil Rıza Ulutürk (1932-1994), defined as the “Poet of Independence” by Azerbaijani Turks, is a homeland poet who devoted his life, national ideals and literary works to the days when Azerbaijan would gain full independence. In his literary works, Ulutürk dealt with the concepts of national independence, Turkishness, homeland and citizenship, as well as mother tongue, and wrote his national ideals and views with clear and clear expressions despite the Soviet domination. Ulutürk, while bringing his literary works, translations, poems and articles into being, took care to use pure Turkish words by taking advantage of the richness and literary accumulation of the Azerbaijani language. Ulutürk, who has mastered the literary delicacy and vocabulary of classical Turkish poetry, which was influenced by Arabic and Persian phrases, wrote his poems; He wrote in a clear Turkish, far from Arabic, Russian and Persian words. Ulutürk, who treats the ideals of independence of Azerbaijan as the main theme in his poems, is also a valuable figure who has taken a national stance in Azerbaijani literature with his successful translations, articles, poems, criticism and newspaper articles, and accelerated the national Azerbaijani literature. In Ulutürk's poems, the nature of Azerbaijan, its national elements, historical and lived political and political events were discussed. In this respect, the works of Ulutürk are chroniclers that shed light on the political and historical past of Azerbaijan. Ulutürk also brought the best examples of love poems to Azerbaijani literature with his lyric poems, in which he wrote his feelings for his wife, Firengiz Hanım. Halil Rıza Ulutürk often included folkloric and national elements in his poems, idealized the national heroes of Azerbaijan in his poems and presented them to the literary pleasure of the reader. The poet, who considers being educative especially in his poems for children, wrote didactic poems. Ulutürk, who conveyed the history, national heroes, nature and national values of Azerbaijan to children in his poems for children, wrote didactic poems with high artistic value in a plain and aesthetic language. Ulutürk's national attitude, which he put forward in terms of the notions he used in his poems, also reflected the form, shape and style features of his poems. Ulutürk wrote poems in both aruz and syllabic scales as a poet who has mastered all the subtleties of aruz and syllabic meter. There is a feature that distinguishes Ulutürk from other Azerbaijani poets, which is that the poet can use syllabic meter and aruz meter together. While applying the aruz meter in his poems, he did not compromise his national attitude and shaped his poems with aruz patterns that were closer to the syllabic meter. Ulutürk's poems were written in couplet, treble, quatrain and bent verse units and the poet shaped his poems according to traditional and contemporary forms of Azerbaijani poetry. Ulutürk wrote his quatrains in accordance with traditional forms such as running, semai and mani. Ulutürk poems are the national independence manifesto of Azerbaijan. However, the high literary language seen in the poet's poems, the breadth and diversity of his vocabulary, as well as the elements of harmony seen in his poems reveal the competence of Ulutürk's artistic and literary side. Ulutürk reflected the music to the lines with the intonation and emphasis he created in his poems, and wrote poems with high aesthetic value appealing to the ears and eyes of the reader. The poet, who did this by making use of all the subtleties of Azerbaijani Turkish, brought innovation and vitality to Azerbaijani poetry. In this study, the life, art and poems of Halil Rıza Ulutürk were examined and the national elements seen in the poet's poems were examined in a literary and scientific framework.
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