Ginogenik Allium tuberosum L. bitkilerinin karakterizasyonu
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Allium tuberosum L. (Çin çivi) çok yıllık bir tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) Allium türüdür. Bu tür özellikle Asya ülkelerinde üretilip tüketilmektedir fakat dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde de yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Gıda, süs ve tıbbi amaçla kullanılan bu türün apomiktik tohumlar ürettiği ve melezleme ıslahı ile yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesinin oldukça zor olduğu bilinmektedir. Ginogenesis temelli haploidizasyon uygulamasına cevap verdiği bilinen bu türde az sayıda dihaploid (2n = 2x = 16) bitki üretilebilmektedir ve bu güne kadar dihaploid A. tuberosum bitkileri ile ilgili çok az bilgi yayınlanmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında A. tuberosum materyallerinin detaylı olarak karakterizasyonu yapılmış ve ginogenik (tetraploid ve dihaploid) genotiplerin ikinci döngü ginogenesis uyartımına gösterdikleri cevaplar tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan gözlemlerde tetraploid kontrol bitkileri ve ginogenik bitkilerin birçok özellik açısından birbirlerine benzedikleri görülmüştür. Dihaploid bitkilerin ise birbirlerinden ve tetraploid bitkilerden farklı oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Genellikle daha bodur gelişim gösteren dihaploid bitkiler arasında vejetatif ve generatif özellikler açısından büyük farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Çalışmada yer alan beş dihaploid bitki arasında bir tanesinin tetraploidlerde olduğu gibi yüksek oranda canlı ve çimlenen polen üretebildiği belirlenmiştir. Bu dihaploid bitkiden kendilenmiş tohum elde edilirken diğer dihaploid bitkilerden tohum elde edilememiştir. İkinci döngü ginogenesis uyartımı deneylerinde ise iki dihaploid bitkiden alınan tomurcuklardan iki adet ginogenik bitki üretilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında tetraploid olan A. tuberosum türünde üretilen bir dihaploid bitkinin bu türde diploid seviyede ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılabilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dihaploid bitkilerden gerçek haploid (monoploid) bitkilerin üretilmesi ginogenesis uyartımı uygulamalarında çok sayıda çiçek tomurcuğunun kültüre alınması ile gerçekleştirilebilir.
A. tuberosum L. (Chinese chive) is a perennial tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) Allium species. This species is mostly produced and consumed in Asian countries but it is becoming widespread in different countries of the world as well. It is known that this species, which is used for food, ornamental and medicinal purposes, produces apomictic seeds and it is quite difficult to develop new varieties with hybridization breeding. It is also known that this plant gives response to gynogenesis-based haploidization induction and small number of dihaploid (2n = 4x = 16) plants can be produced but to date very little information has been published about dihaploid A. tuberosum species. In this thesis, A. tuberosum materials were characterized in detail and their responses to second cycle gynogenesis was determined on gynogenic (tetraploid and dihaploid) genotypes. It has been observed that tetraploid control plants and gynogenic plants were similar in terms of many features. It has been determined that dihaploid plants were different from each other and tetraploid plants in many aspects. Great differences have been found in terms of vegetative and generative features of dihaploid plants, which are generally stunted. It was determined that one of the five dihaploid plants was able to produce a high rate of viable and germinating pollen, as in tetraploids. Seeds were obtained by self-pollinating from this dihaploid plant. But other self-pollinated dihaploid plants failed to produce any seeds. In the second cycle gynogenesis induction experiments, two gynogenic plants were produced from the flower buds taken from two dihaploid plants. In this thesis, it has been determined that a dihaploid plant produced from plants may be accomplished by cultivating a large number of flower buds in gynogenesis stimulation applications.
A. tuberosum L. (Chinese chive) is a perennial tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) Allium species. This species is mostly produced and consumed in Asian countries but it is becoming widespread in different countries of the world as well. It is known that this species, which is used for food, ornamental and medicinal purposes, produces apomictic seeds and it is quite difficult to develop new varieties with hybridization breeding. It is also known that this plant gives response to gynogenesis-based haploidization induction and small number of dihaploid (2n = 4x = 16) plants can be produced but to date very little information has been published about dihaploid A. tuberosum species. In this thesis, A. tuberosum materials were characterized in detail and their responses to second cycle gynogenesis was determined on gynogenic (tetraploid and dihaploid) genotypes. It has been observed that tetraploid control plants and gynogenic plants were similar in terms of many features. It has been determined that dihaploid plants were different from each other and tetraploid plants in many aspects. Great differences have been found in terms of vegetative and generative features of dihaploid plants, which are generally stunted. It was determined that one of the five dihaploid plants was able to produce a high rate of viable and germinating pollen, as in tetraploids. Seeds were obtained by self-pollinating from this dihaploid plant. But other self-pollinated dihaploid plants failed to produce any seeds. In the second cycle gynogenesis induction experiments, two gynogenic plants were produced from the flower buds taken from two dihaploid plants. In this thesis, it has been determined that a dihaploid plant produced from plants may be accomplished by cultivating a large number of flower buds in gynogenesis stimulation applications.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Allium Tuberosum L., Dihaploid, Ginogenesis, Fertilite, Flow Sitometri, Allium Tuberosum L., Gynogenesis, Dihaploid, Fecundity, Flow Cytometry
