Koyunlarda, CMAH geninin Neu5Gc sialik asidiyle ilişkisinin araştırılması
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
Et, sağlıklı bir insan büyümesi ve gelişimi için gerekli olan, besin içeriği bakımından zengin bir gıda kaynağıdır. Günümüzde et tüketimi kanser, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve diyabet gibi hastalıklarla ilişkilendirilse de, et insan evriminde önemli bir role sahiptir. Dünya nüfusu arttıkça et ve et ürünlerine olan talep de giderek artmaktadır. Sağlıklı ve dengeli beslenmenin önemli bir unsuru olan kırmızı et ve et ürünleri tüketimi nüfusun hızla arttığı Türkiye'de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Dünya Kanser Araştırmaları Vakfı’nın yayınladığı raporda kırmızı et, tüm popülasyonlarda karsinomların insidansı ve ilerlemesi ile ilişkili ilk 10 faktör arasında yer almaktadır. İnsan dışı bir sialik asit olan N-glikolilnöraminik asit (Neu5Gc) molekülü ile dolaşımdaki anti-Neu5Gc antikorlarının etkileşimi sonucunda oluşan inflamasyonun kanser ve et tüketimi arasındaki mekanizma
olabileceği önerilmiştir. Bu nedenle kanser riskini azaltmak için Neu5Gc'nin daha az bulunduğu diyetlerin önemli olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu bilgiler ışığında, bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yetiştiriciliği yapılan, et ve süt ürünleri tüketilen Kıvırcık ve Karacabey Merinos koyun ırklarında, Neu5Gc sentezinde görev alan CMAH mRNA dizisi analiz edilerek sialik asit sentezini etkileyen olası polimorfizmlerin saptanması ve hayvan ıslahı açısından Neu5Gc içeriğiyle ilişkili olabilecek bir biyobelirteç bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Koyun CMAH mRNA dizilerinde toplamda 11 tek nükleotit polimorfizmi bulunmuştur. Polimorfizm pozisyonlarının 5’i amino asit değişime sebep olurken 6’sı eş anlamlı tek nükleotid polimorfizmi olarak belirlenmiştir. Polimorfizm frekans sonuçları KD ve MD’de G27A pozisyonunda görülen AA genotipinin (sırasıyla 0.07 ve 0.09), KD ve MD’de G55T pozisyonunda görülen GG genotipinin (sırasıyla 0.04 ve 0.05) ve KD ve MD’de A294G’de görülen AA genotipinin (sırasıyla 0.04 ve 0.05) Neu5Gc sialik asit miktarıyla ilişkili olabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Ek olarak, koyun CMAH geninde alternatif ekleme varyantları olduğu ortaya konmuş ve bu varyantların Neu5Gc sialik oranını etkileyebileceği düşünülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Kıvırcık ve Karacabey Merinos koyun ırklarında ilk kez CMAH mRNA dizisi sekanslanmış ve eksonlardaki polimorfizimler belirlenmiştir. Neu5Gc sialik asit miktarıyla ilişkili olabilecek genotipler ilk kez bu çalışmada aday gösterilmiş ve koyun CMAH geninin farklı mRNA varyantları olduğundan ilk defa bahsedilmiştir.
Meat is a food source rich in nutrients that are essential for healthy human growth and development. Despite the fact that meat eating is now linked to disease including cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, meat has played a crucial role in human evolution. As the world's population grows, the demand for meat and animal products which are essential for human health and nourishment is also increasing. In Turkey, where the population is continuously growing, it is critical to consume red meat and meat products in order to maintain a healthy and balanced diet. Red meat is one of the top ten factors linked to the occurrence and progression of carcinomas in all populations, according to a report issued by the World Cancer Research Foundation. Inflammation caused by the interaction of the N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) molecule, a non-human sialic acid, with circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies has been proposed as a possible link between cancer and meat eating. As a result, it has been suggested that diets low in Neu5Gc are beneficial in lowering cancer risk. In the light of this information, the aim of this study was to analyze the CMAH mRNA sequence involved in Neu5Gc synthesis in Kıvırcık and Karacabey Merino sheep breeds reared in Turkey, to detect possible polymorphisms affecting sialic acid synthesis and to find a biomarker that may be related to Neu5Gc content in terms of animal breeding. A total of 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found in sheep CMAH mRNA sequences. While 5 of the polymorphism positions cause amino acid changes, 6 of them are determined as synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. The polymorphism frequency results suggested that the AA genotype at position G27A in KD and MD (0.07 and 0.09, respectively), the GG genotype at position G55T in KD and MD (0.04 and 0.05, respectively), and the AA genotype at A294G in KD and MD (0.04 and 0.05, respectively) may be related to the amount of Neu5Gc sialic acid. In addition, alternative splicing variants have been demonstrated in the sheep CMAH gene, and it is thought that these variants also may affect the amount of Neu5Gc sialic acid. In conclusion, CMAH mRNA sequence was sequenced for the first time in Kıvırcık and Karacabey Merino sheep breeds and polymorphisms in exons were determined. Genotypes that may be related to the amount of Neu5Gc sialic acid were nominated for the first time in this study and it was mentioned for the first time that there are different mRNA variants of the sheep CMAH gene.
Meat is a food source rich in nutrients that are essential for healthy human growth and development. Despite the fact that meat eating is now linked to disease including cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, meat has played a crucial role in human evolution. As the world's population grows, the demand for meat and animal products which are essential for human health and nourishment is also increasing. In Turkey, where the population is continuously growing, it is critical to consume red meat and meat products in order to maintain a healthy and balanced diet. Red meat is one of the top ten factors linked to the occurrence and progression of carcinomas in all populations, according to a report issued by the World Cancer Research Foundation. Inflammation caused by the interaction of the N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) molecule, a non-human sialic acid, with circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies has been proposed as a possible link between cancer and meat eating. As a result, it has been suggested that diets low in Neu5Gc are beneficial in lowering cancer risk. In the light of this information, the aim of this study was to analyze the CMAH mRNA sequence involved in Neu5Gc synthesis in Kıvırcık and Karacabey Merino sheep breeds reared in Turkey, to detect possible polymorphisms affecting sialic acid synthesis and to find a biomarker that may be related to Neu5Gc content in terms of animal breeding. A total of 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found in sheep CMAH mRNA sequences. While 5 of the polymorphism positions cause amino acid changes, 6 of them are determined as synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. The polymorphism frequency results suggested that the AA genotype at position G27A in KD and MD (0.07 and 0.09, respectively), the GG genotype at position G55T in KD and MD (0.04 and 0.05, respectively), and the AA genotype at A294G in KD and MD (0.04 and 0.05, respectively) may be related to the amount of Neu5Gc sialic acid. In addition, alternative splicing variants have been demonstrated in the sheep CMAH gene, and it is thought that these variants also may affect the amount of Neu5Gc sialic acid. In conclusion, CMAH mRNA sequence was sequenced for the first time in Kıvırcık and Karacabey Merino sheep breeds and polymorphisms in exons were determined. Genotypes that may be related to the amount of Neu5Gc sialic acid were nominated for the first time in this study and it was mentioned for the first time that there are different mRNA variants of the sheep CMAH gene.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kanser, Kırmızı Et, CMAH, Neu5Gc, Polimorfizm, Cancer, Red Meat, CMAH, Neu5Gc, Polymorphism
