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Öğe Analysis of Determining the Leadership Approach and Factors Influencing Managerial Perceptions of the Agricultural Organizations' President: An Empirical Exploration(Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Fac Estudios Ambientales & Rurales, 2018) Yilmaz, Hasan; Kart, Cagla OrmeciThe goal of this paper was to identify the leadership approach and dimensions influencing the managerial perceptions of the agricultural organization's president. This research was carried out with agricultural organization presidents by using questionnaires. For this purpose, 29 items were given to presidents and a Liken scale used for the degree of agreement of each item. Factor analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient was situated to be 0.933. To specify the dimensions influencing the managerial perception of agricultural organizations president principle component analysis with varimax rotation was used. Eigenvalue belongs to seven of 29 items was calculated higher than one. As a result of this analysis, seven dimensions were examined. These dimensions clarified 75.75% of the total variance. The main aspects influencing the managerial perception of agricultural organizations president were constructed to be motivation and team spirit, the power of initiative, put the organization interests over their individual interests, devotion to duty, entrepreneurial spirit, empathy ability and sense of belonging to an organization.Öğe Association mapping of loci linked to copper, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in the seeds of C. arietinum and C. reticulatum(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2019) Ozkuru, Esin; Ates, Duygu; Nemli, Seda; Erdogmus, Semih; Karaca, Nur; Yilmaz, Hasan; Tanyolac, BahattinDue to its high nutritional value, chickpea is one of the most important and cost-effective legumes for human diet. Nutrient elements, such as Cu, P, K have numerous essential functions for the human metabolism. in this study, association mapping of loci linked to the seed Cu, P and K concentrations were performed on a population consisting of 107 Cicer reticulatum and 73 Cicer arietinum individuals in four environments (two locations x two years). A total of 121,840 SNPs were genotyped across 180 individuals by GBS analysis. the association mapping between the SNP markers and the seed Cu, P, K concentrations were identified and eight SNPs were found to be significantly associated with variations in three nutrient elements in more than two environments This research suggests that association mapping is a useful methodology for the identification of loci controlling the Cu, P and K uptake in chickpea seeds for further association mapping, molecular breeding, and marker-assisted selection and plant breeding studies and provides a broader understanding of the relationship between the investigated Cicer species and the effects of environmental conditions.Öğe Association mapping of magnesium and manganese concentrations in the seeds of C. arietinum and C. reticulatum(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Karaca, Nur; Ates, Duygu; Nemli, Seda; Ozkuru, Esin; Yilmaz, Hasan; Yagmur, Bulent; Tanyolac, Muhammed BahattinChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the oldest and most important pulse crops grown and consumed all over the world, especially in developing countries. Magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) are essential plant nutrients in terms of human health and many health problems arise in their deficiencies. the objectives of this study were to characterize genetic variability in the seed Mg and Mn concentrations and identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with these traits in 107 Cicer reticulatum and 73C. arietinum genotypes, using a genome wide association study. the genotypes were grown in four environments, characterized for Mg and Mn concentrations, and genotyped with 121,841 SNP markers. the population showed three-fold and two-fold variation for the Mg and Mn concentrations, respectively. the population structure was identified using STRUCTURE software, which divided 180 genotypes into two (K = 2) groups. Principal component analysis and neighbor joining tree analysis confirmed the results of STRUCTURE. A total of 4 and 16 consistent SNPs were detected for the Mg and Mn concentrations, respectively. the identified markers can be utilized in breeding of chickpea to increase Mg and Mn levels in order to improve human and livestock nutrition.Öğe Economic analysis of agricultural chemical applications in vineyards production in Turkey: a case study of Isparta Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Letras Ciencias Humanas, 2015) Yilmaz, Hasan; Demircan, Vecdi; Kart, M. Cagla OrmeciThe main objective of this study was to determine the amounts and types of agricultural chemicals used in vineyards as one of the most important products of Turkey and to analysis the farm-level economic losses amount and cost of agricultural chemicals use in comparison with application levels used by growers and suggested in vineyards production by extension units and pesticide prospectus. Furthermore, growers' agricultural chemicals use practices were also determined. A survey was conducted using a face to face questionnaire with 68 vineyards producers from Central, Keciborlu, Yalvac and Senirkent districts of the Isparta province where there is intensive vineyards production. The farms were chosen by simple random sampling method. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the dosages of agricultural chemicals used by farmers and practices of agricultural chemicals use of growers and their socio-economic characteristics. In this study, it was also calculated that the cost of plant protection (pesticide and pesticide application costs) per hectare was determined as (sic) 404.77 having the portion of 47.16% of average production cost. Results of this research show that average usage of agricultural chemicals are 56 821.90 g per hectare as an active ingredient. The percentages of used agricultural chemicals are 83.13%, 14.29% and 2.58% sulphur, copper sulfate and pesticides, respectively. It was determined that use of pesticides in grape growing was 1 466.50 g ha(-1). The percentages of used pesticides are 66.53% and 33.47% fungicide and insecticide, respectively. In the research area, the excess use of pesticide was determined in the vineyards production. It was calculated that economic loss was (sic)47.82 per hectare due to overdose of agricultural chemicals. The percentages of this loss are 41.90%, 33.90% and 24.20% pesticides, copper sulfate and sulphur, respectively. It was calculated that economic loss was (sic)20.04 per hectare due to overdose of pesticides. The percentages of this loss are 52.87% and 47.13% insecticide and fungicide, respectively. Chi square test analysis showed that, there was a significant relationship between dosages of pesticides used by farmers and listening agriculture related program on radio, information needs in disease, insects and pests management, applying protective pesticides and experiencing health problems after exposed to pesticides.Öğe Economic analysis of agricultural chemical applications in vineyards production in Turkey: a case study of Isparta Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Letras Ciencias Humanas, 2015) Yilmaz, Hasan; Demircan, Vecdi; Kart, M. Cagla OrmeciThe main objective of this study was to determine the amounts and types of agricultural chemicals used in vineyards as one of the most important products of Turkey and to analysis the farm-level economic losses amount and cost of agricultural chemicals use in comparison with application levels used by growers and suggested in vineyards production by extension units and pesticide prospectus. Furthermore, growers' agricultural chemicals use practices were also determined. A survey was conducted using a face to face questionnaire with 68 vineyards producers from Central, Keciborlu, Yalvac and Senirkent districts of the Isparta province where there is intensive vineyards production. The farms were chosen by simple random sampling method. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the dosages of agricultural chemicals used by farmers and practices of agricultural chemicals use of growers and their socio-economic characteristics. In this study, it was also calculated that the cost of plant protection (pesticide and pesticide application costs) per hectare was determined as (sic) 404.77 having the portion of 47.16% of average production cost. Results of this research show that average usage of agricultural chemicals are 56 821.90 g per hectare as an active ingredient. The percentages of used agricultural chemicals are 83.13%, 14.29% and 2.58% sulphur, copper sulfate and pesticides, respectively. It was determined that use of pesticides in grape growing was 1 466.50 g ha(-1). The percentages of used pesticides are 66.53% and 33.47% fungicide and insecticide, respectively. In the research area, the excess use of pesticide was determined in the vineyards production. It was calculated that economic loss was (sic)47.82 per hectare due to overdose of agricultural chemicals. The percentages of this loss are 41.90%, 33.90% and 24.20% pesticides, copper sulfate and sulphur, respectively. It was calculated that economic loss was (sic)20.04 per hectare due to overdose of pesticides. The percentages of this loss are 52.87% and 47.13% insecticide and fungicide, respectively. Chi square test analysis showed that, there was a significant relationship between dosages of pesticides used by farmers and listening agriculture related program on radio, information needs in disease, insects and pests management, applying protective pesticides and experiencing health problems after exposed to pesticides.Öğe Economic analysis of agricultural chemical applications in vineyards production in Turkey: a case study of Isparta Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Letras Ciencias Humanas, 2015) Yilmaz, Hasan; Demircan, Vecdi; Kart, M. Cagla OrmeciThe main objective of this study was to determine the amounts and types of agricultural chemicals used in vineyards as one of the most important products of Turkey and to analysis the farm-level economic losses amount and cost of agricultural chemicals use in comparison with application levels used by growers and suggested in vineyards production by extension units and pesticide prospectus. Furthermore, growers' agricultural chemicals use practices were also determined. A survey was conducted using a face to face questionnaire with 68 vineyards producers from Central, Keciborlu, Yalvac and Senirkent districts of the Isparta province where there is intensive vineyards production. The farms were chosen by simple random sampling method. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the dosages of agricultural chemicals used by farmers and practices of agricultural chemicals use of growers and their socio-economic characteristics. In this study, it was also calculated that the cost of plant protection (pesticide and pesticide application costs) per hectare was determined as (sic) 404.77 having the portion of 47.16% of average production cost. Results of this research show that average usage of agricultural chemicals are 56 821.90 g per hectare as an active ingredient. The percentages of used agricultural chemicals are 83.13%, 14.29% and 2.58% sulphur, copper sulfate and pesticides, respectively. It was determined that use of pesticides in grape growing was 1 466.50 g ha(-1). The percentages of used pesticides are 66.53% and 33.47% fungicide and insecticide, respectively. In the research area, the excess use of pesticide was determined in the vineyards production. It was calculated that economic loss was (sic)47.82 per hectare due to overdose of agricultural chemicals. The percentages of this loss are 41.90%, 33.90% and 24.20% pesticides, copper sulfate and sulphur, respectively. It was calculated that economic loss was (sic)20.04 per hectare due to overdose of pesticides. The percentages of this loss are 52.87% and 47.13% insecticide and fungicide, respectively. Chi square test analysis showed that, there was a significant relationship between dosages of pesticides used by farmers and listening agriculture related program on radio, information needs in disease, insects and pests management, applying protective pesticides and experiencing health problems after exposed to pesticides.Öğe Economic analysis of early-warning system in apple cultivation: a turkish case study(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Letras Ciencias Humanas, 2014) Gul, Mevlut; Akpinar, Goksel; Demircan, Vecdi; Yilmaz, Hasan; Bal, Tufan; Arici, S. Evrim; Polat, Mehmet; San, Bekir; Eraslan, Figen; Kart, Cagla Ormeci; Ozdamar, Damla; Yilmaz, Serife GuldenIn this study Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Nigde province' farms which are dominant in apple cultivation has been compared in terms of early warning adoption level and some social economic indicators. With this scope in the study region stratified sampling method had been used and sampling size has been determined 267 farms. In these regions early warning system has been used since the late 80's for black spot and codling moth. Especially after 2000's successful results of the system provide that a positive effect of the farmers' adoption level. According to the study results there is a high adoption level of farmers on apple cultivation from early warning system thus 41.6% of the farmers exactly adapt the pesticide application time from early warning system but farmers have lack of information about the system. There is a positive relation between adoption and education level, both levels increase at the same time. Early warning adoption levels also decrease unit production cost of apple. Relative profit has a statistically meaningful relation between early warning adoption level (p<0.05). Total pesticide cost increased 10.92% due to unnecessary usage. Many small farms in these regions can increase their income and provide market advantages with some amelioration in the early warning system, enlargement of practise areas.Öğe Economic Analysis of Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Apple Cultivation: a Turkish Case Study(Springer, 2017) Gul, Mevlut; Akpinar, Metin Goksel; Demircan, Vecdi; Yilmaz, Hasan; Bal, Tufan; Arici, S. Evrim; Polat, Mehmet; San, Bekir; Eraslan, Figen; Kart, M. Cagla Ormeci; Gurbuz, Damla; Yilmaz, Serife GuldenThis study aims to determine adoption level of farmers to integrated pest management (IPM) program and also to analyse the agricultural pesticide usage in apple growing. The primary data includes a research carried out through a questionnaire method which was conducted to apple producers in Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Nigde. According to the information received from the survey farms were separated into four groups according to IPM adoption level. It has been found out that the amount of pesticides used per hectare decreases according to the adoption of integrated pest management. While 1 kg apple cost found USD 0.40 in farms which does not follow IPM, USD 0.38 in farms which follow IPM. However, net profit per hectare is USD 556.75 in farms which does not follow integrated pest management; it is USD 482.51 in farms which follow high level IPM. In conclusion; to implement an efficient IPM, producers primarily should take cultural precautions and in the last resort they should look for chemical methods. They should avoid extreme use of nitrogenous fertilization, they should use high quality saplings, create a suitable ecological infrastructure and habitat management to conserve natural enemies of pests, select environment friendly pesticides, make descriptions of natural enemies of apple pests, give trainings about how to prevent pests contamination.Öğe ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE USE IN WHEAT PRODUCTION FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT(Latvia Univ Agriculture, 2016) Yilmaz, Hasan; Kart, M. Cagla Ormeci; Demircan, Vecdi; Auzina, AThe objective of this research is to do the economic analysis of pesticide application practices and level of pesticides used by the farmers in wheat production for sustainable rural development in Turkey. The primary data were collected from 84 wheat producers. Results of this research show that the average area of wheat production was 3.91 ha with 3 461.90 kg ha(-1). The average cost of wheat production was EUR 549.94 ha(-1). It was calculated that the average usage of pesticides was 1 10 3.50 g per hectare as an active ingredient in the wheat production. The average usages per hectare of active ingredient of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides were determined to be 48.00 g, 146.60 g and 908.90 g, respectively. Herbicides are the biggest pesticide group used in wheat production. They accounted for 82.37% of total weight of active ingredients, followed by fungicides (13.28 %) and insecticides (4.35 %). The study revealed that the farmers were using herbicides more than the recommended, fungicides and insecticides less than the recommended dosages. It was calculated that the average plant protection costs was EUR 50.25 ha(-1) which was 9.14 % of wheat production costs. The percentages of average plant protection costs were 85.0 3 %, 9.24 % and 5.73 % herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, respectively. The gain threshold was calculated to be 228.39 kg ha(-1). As a result, government should be promoting research into application technologies that mitigate risk and cost and maximize gain from pesticide used. Also, pest management and farmer training programmes in all crops should be developed to ensure sustainable food security, food safety, farmers' income, and rural development.Öğe Evaluation of Economic Structure of Cherry Growing in Turkey(Springer, 2020) Gul, Mevlut; Akpinar, M. Goksel; Demircan, Vecdi; Bal, Tufan; Yilmaz, Hasan; Arici, Serife Evrim; Acar, MusaCherry production has a vital role regarding income source for producers and export sources for Turkey. in Turkey, several studies have done regarding the technical practices, and most of them were not considered the economic dimension of cherry production. This research aimed to determine the production inputs, costs and profitability of cherry production. This study aims to reveal the relationship between orchard size and profitability by using general economic calculations based on Afyonkarahisar, Denizli, Isparta, Izmir, Konya and Manisa provinces, in Turkey. It is assumed that this study may be able to close the existing gap regarding other studies in the literature to a certain extent. This study support that more prominent cherry orchards had higher profits compared to smaller. the relative profit varies between 2.2 to 3.0 in the farm size groups. in this study, it was found that relative profit is the highest in the bigger-scale orchards. the most crucial problem for producers is to achieve a profitable cherry selling price. This study found the output/input ratio is high. Orchard size and production cost have a significant influence on the economic success of a cherry orchard. Production cost has a negative influence on profitability with a low cherry yield. in other words, cherry production is profitable in the research region, but some recommendations can be made within the framework of research findings to get better.Öğe Genome-wide association studies of molybdenum and selenium concentrations in C. arietinum and C. reticulatum seeds(Springer, 2019) Ozkuru, Esin; Ates, Duygu; Nemli, Seda; Erdogmus, Semih; Karaca, Nur; Yilmaz, Hasan; Yagmur, Bulent; Kartal, Canan; Tosun, Muzaffer; Ocak, Ozgul Ozdestan; Otles, Semih; Kahriman, Abdullah; Tanyolac, Muhammed BahattinChickpea is the second most important and ancient pulse crop with its use in human diet for approximately 7500years as one of the Neolithic founder crops. Previous studies on chickpea have predominantly focused on agronomic traits, with only limited research being dedicated to developing micronutrient-rich crops over the last half century. The objectives of this study were to identify genetic variation and population structure of Cicer reticulatum (C. reticulatum) and Cicer arietinum (C. arietinum) species and reveal marker-trait associations of seed molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) concentrations in seeds by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this study, a population of 180 individuals including 107 wild (C. reticulatum) and 73 cultivated (C. arietinum) Cicer species was used in two different locations for 2years, and 121,840 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were identified across eight chromosomes through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) analysis. GWAS was performed for 180 individuals and alternatively two subpopulations separately, and 16 SNP markers were found significantly associated with seed Mo and Se concentrations, consistently among the four environments. The results demonstrated the high potential of GWAS mapping in revealing markers associated with Mo and Se micronutrients for wild (C. reticulatum) and cultivated (C. arietinum) species.Öğe Genome-Wide Association Studies of Protein, Lutein, Vitamin C, and Fructose Concentration in Wild and Cultivated Chickpea Seeds(Crop Science Soc Amer, 2019) Karaca, Nur; Ates, Duygu; Nemli, Seda; Ozkuru, Esin; Yilmaz, Hasan; Yagmur, Bulent; Tanyolac, Muhammed BahattinChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important food legume crops consumed by human beings and can be used to counteract specific dietary deficiencies. Protein, lutein, vitamin C, and fructose are among the important nutritional value components of chickpea. the objectives of this study were to determine genetic variation in the concentrations of nutritional value components in the seeds of cultivated Cicer arietinum and its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladiz. and detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with these concentrations. A representative population of 180 Cicer genotypes from the two species was evaluated in two locations in Turkey in 2 yr, and the population was genotyped using 121,840 SNP markers obtained using the genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. the associations between the nutritional value components and loci were investigated in TASSEL software using the mixed linear model method through three different analyses. A considerable SNP stability was observed between the different year-site replicates, and 29, 10, 14, and 4 SNPs were significantly associated with protein, lutein, vitamin C, and fructose, respectively. This study provides an understanding of the genetic basis of variability in the seed concentrations of nutritional value components in chickpea. the identified markers can be used for marker-assisted selection to improve the nutritional value components of chickpea in biofortification programs.Öğe How did post-2000 agricultural policy changes in Turkey affect farmers? - A focus group evaluation(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Ates, Hacer Celik; Yilmaz, Hasan; Demircan, Vecdi; Gul, Mevlut; Ozturk, Erdogan; Kart, Murside Cagla OrmeciThe aim of this study is to provide an analysis on how producers have been affected by the decisions made in 2000 in the agricultural sector. Data collected from the focus group discussions was compared to the agricultural policy effects on Antalya Burdur and Isparta provinces. The participants were primarily selected from a list of state institutions and organizations, and included representatives from cooperatives and producer organizations that are engaged in the agricultural sector and/or bring service to rural areas. The discussion revealed that small-scale farmers were unable to use the support provided by the policies; as a consequence, many of them were unable to cultivate their land and had to migrate. In general, the participants stated that significant social and economic changes did occur in rural areas, however they emphasized that these changes were to the detriment of small-scale farmers and instead favored fanners operating on large scale.Öğe Identification of SNP Markers Associated with Iron and Zinc Concentrations in Cicer Seeds(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2020) Karaca, Nur; Ates, Duygu; Nemli, Seda; Ozkuru, Esin; Yilmaz, Hasan; Yagmur, Bulent; Tanyolac, Muhammed BahattinBackground: Cicer reticulatum L. is the wild progenitor of chickpea Cicer arietinum L., the fourth most important pulse crop in the world. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are vital micronutrients that play crucial roles in sustaining life by acting as co-factors for various proteins. Aims and Objectives: in order to improve micronutrient-dense chickpea lines, this study aimed to investigate variability and detect DNA markers associated with Fe and Zn concentrations in the seeds of 73 cultivated (C. arietinum L.) and 107 C. reticulatum genotypes. Methods: A set of 180 accessions was genotyped using 20,868 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from genotyping by sequencing analysis. Results: the results revealed substantial variation in the seed Fe and Zn concentration of the surveyed population. Using STRUCTURE software, the population structure was divided into two groups ac-cording to the principal component analysis and neighbor-joining tree analysis. A total of 23 and 16 associated SNP markers related to Fe and Zn concentrations, respectively were identified in TASSEL software by the mixed linear model method. Significant SNP markers found in more than two environments were accepted as more reliable than those that only existed in a single environment. Conclusion: the identified markers can be used in marker-assisted selection in chickpea breeding programs for the improvement of seed Fe and Zn concentrations in the chickpea.Öğe Low recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma following ledipasvir and sofosbuvir treatment in a real-world chronic hepatitis C patients cohort(Wiley, 2019) Idilman, Ramazan; Demir, Mehmet; Aladag, Murat; Erol, Cihan; Cavus, Bilger; Iliaz, Raim; Koklu, Hayrettin; Cakaloglu, Yilmaz; Sahin, Memduh; Ersoz, Galip; Koksal, Iftihar; Karasu, Zeki; Ozgenel, Meric; Turan, Ilker; Gunduz, Feyza; Ataseven, Huseyin; Akdogan, Meral; Kiyici, Murat; Koksal, Aydin Seref; Akhan, Sila; Gunsar, Fulya; Tabak, Fehmi; Kaymakoglu, Sabahattin; Akarca, Ulus S.; Akarsu, Mesut; Alkim, Huseyin; Araz, Filiz; Ates, Fehmi; Aygen, Bilgehan; Balik, Ismail; Barut, Huseyin S.; Baysal, Birol; Bolat, Aylin; Celik, Ilhami; Cosgun, Suleyman; Ensaroglu, Fatih; Gokcan, Hale; Gurel, Selim; Gursoy, Sebnem; Inkaya, Ahmet Cagan; Kamilli, Cemil; Kav, Taylan; Kuruuzum, Ziya; Onder, Fatih O.; Ormeci, Necati; Ozbakir, Omer; Ozenirler, Seren; Ozer, Birol; Ozkan, Hasan; Poturoglu, Sule; Senates, Ebubekir; Simsek, Halis; Toka, Bilal; Unal, Hakan; Yaras, Serkan; Yildirim, Abdullah E.; Yildirim, Beytullah; Yilmaz, Bulent; Yilmaz, Hasan; Yozgat, Ahmet; Yurdaydin, CihanThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) with or without ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in patients with advanced liver disease and to analyse whether the use of LDV/SOF treatment is associated with a new occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during and after LDV/SOF treatment. The Turkish Early Access Program provided LDV/SOF treatment to a total of 200 eligible CHC patients with advanced liver disease. The median follow-up period was 22months. All patients were Caucasian, 84% were infected with genotype 1b, and 24% had a liver transplantation before treatment. The sustained virological response (SVR12) was 86.0% with ITT analysis. SVR12 was similar among patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B and C disease and transplant recipients. From baseline to SVR12, serum ALT level and MELD score were significantly improved (P<0.001). LDV/SOF treatment was generally well tolerated. Only one patient developed a new diagnosed HCC. Seventeen of the 35 patients, who had a history of previous HCC, developed HCC recurrence during the LDV/SOF treatment or by a median follow-up of 6months after treatment. HCC recurrence was less commonly observed in patients who received curative treatment for HCC compared with those patients who received noncurative treatment (P=0.007). In conclusion, LDV/SOF with or without ribavirin is an effective and tolerable treatment in CHC patients with advanced liver disease. Eradication is associated with improvements in liver function and a reduced risk of developing a new occurrence of HCC. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin is an effective and tolerable treatment in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with advanced liver disease. Eradication is associated with improvements in liver function and reduces the risk of developing a new occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
