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Öğe Electrochemical nucleic acid-based biosensors: Concepts, terms, and methodology (IUPAC Technical Report)(Int Union Pure Applied Chemistry, 2010) Labuda, Jan; Oliveira Brett, Ana Maria; Evtugyn, Gennady; Fojta, Miroslav; Mascini, Marco; Ozsoz, Mehmet; Palchetti, Ilaria; Palecek, Emil; Wang, JosephAn electrochemical nucleic acid (NA)-based biosensor is a biosensor that integrates a nucleic acid as the biological recognition element and an electrode as the electrochemical signal transducer. The present report provides concepts, terms, and methodology related to biorecognition elements, detection principles, type of interactions to be addressed, and construction and performance of electrochemical NA biosensors, including their critical evaluation, which should be valuable for a wide audience, from academic, biomedical, environmental, and food-testing, drug-developing, etc. laboratories to sensor producers.Öğe Enzymatic/Immunoassay Dual-Biomarker Sensing Chip: Towards Decentralized Insulin/Glucose Detection(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2019) Vargas, Eva; Teymourian, Hazhir; Tehrani, Farshad; Eksin, Ece; Sanchez-Tirado, Esther; Warren, Paul; Erdem, Arzum; Dassau, Eyal; Wang, JosephPerforming bioassay formats based on enzyme and antibody recognition reactions with a single detection chip remains an unmet challenge owing to the different requirements of such bioassays. Herein, we describe a dual-marker biosensor chip, integrating enzyme and antibody-based assays for simultaneous electrochemical measurements of insulin (I) and glucose (G). Simultaneous G/I sensing has been realized by addressing key fabrication and operational challenges associated with the different assay requirements and surface chemistry. The I immunosensor relies on a peroxidase-labeled sandwich immunoassay, while G is monitored through reaction with glucose oxidase. The dual diabetes biomarker chip offers selective and reproducible detection of picomolar I and millimolar G concentrations in a single microliter sample droplet within less than 30min, including direct measurements in whole blood and saliva samples. The resulting integrated enzymatic-immunoassay biosensor chip opens a new realm in point-of-care multiplexed biomarker detection.