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Öğe Application of Hybridization Breeding Technique for Fire Blight Resistance on Cydonia Oblonga: A Base Study on Susceptibility, Heterosis, and Heterobeltiosis Parameters(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Sahin, Muge; Misirli, Adalet; Gokkur, Salih; Aksoy, Deniz; Ozaktan, HaticeErwinia amylovora Burrill. is the most important disease affecting quince cultivation and breeding of resistant varieties is seen as the key solution. As a result of hybridizations, 223 hybrids were obtained from 9 different combinations and susceptibility indexes (SI) of these hybrids were determined by artificial inoculations. Among the tested seven parental cultivars, Ege 25, Altin 35, Zeybek 35, and Ayva B-35 were found fire blight resistant while others were detected as moderately susceptible. SI of hybrids were changed between 14.77 and 52.94% regardless of hybrid combinations and 77.60% of obtained hybrids took place in resistant (10.1-30%) group. Reciprocal combinations showed that using resistant cultivar as a male parent was more effective than using maternal parent for transferring resistance. Heterosis (Ht) rates between combinations were found significant (p < .0004), while heterobeltiosis (Hbt) were not (p < .0623). Ht and Hbt ranged between -2.82-13.54 and -4.20-6.72 in populations, respectively. the maximum and significant heterotic effect was observed in Quince A x Ayva B-35 and its' reciprocal combination. in moderately susceptible x resistance combination, 83.33% of F(1)were determined to be resistant. on the other hand, hybrids from resistance x resistance combination were distributed in three groups as resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible. According to these results, it could be said that (1) fire blight resistance genes in quince are recessive, (2) use of resistant varieties as pollinators is more successful in transferring resistance to hybrids, (3) open pollination treatment is an essential and easy way in terms of obtaining resistant hybrids if the orchard has resistant pollinator, and (4) heterobeltiosis for fire blight resistance is important.Öğe Determination of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) susceptibility in Turkey's Cydonia oblonga Mill. Germplasm(Springer, 2020) Sahin, Muge; Misirli, Adalet; Ozaktan, HaticeFire blight (Erwinia amylovora) is one of the biggest challenges in the production of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in Turkey, and the lack of effective control methods emphasizes the need for resistant varieties of this species; therefore, testing the susceptibility levels of the germplasm is necessary to create breeding programs that ensure resistance to this disease. the aim of our study was to determine the susceptibility levels of the Turkey quince germplasm. To that end, 56 genotypes were tested using three inoculation experiments in a climate-controlled greenhouse using a mixture of three virulent isolates. Resistance/susceptibility levels were determined according to the percentage of shoot length that was blighted (% SLB), which varied between 24.46 and 61.54%. the main effects of genotype and inoculations were statistically significant; interactions between genotype and inoculations were not, which indicated that genotypes developed different susceptibility responses independent of inoculations and greenhouse conditions. the results of the experiments were averaged, and the germplasms were grouped according to the Gardner scale as "resistant", "medium susceptible", and "susceptible" and divided into 6 groups (a-f) after statistical analyses. More detailed classification has been obtained by statistical analyses, so it is recommended that genotypes used in breeding studies must be classified statistically in addition to the classical classification. Genotype 2168 was the most resistant (24.69%) and had very similar SLB values in all experiments, which indicated that resistance is stable in only the most resistant genotypes. Ayva B 35 and Quince A rootstocks had 29.11 and 37.16% SLB, respectively. Altin 35 (28.58%), Ege 25 (30.49%), and Zeybek 35 (30.91%) cultivars and Ayva B 35 rootstock, which are developed through selection breeding, were found to be more resistant. the Turkey quince germplasm that was resistant to fire blight can be used as a breeding parent or registered as a fire blight resistant variety or rootstock. the results of this study have encouraged the onset of crossbreeding studies on fire blight resistance.Öğe Effects of Foliar Application of Nutrients and Beneficial Bacteria on Fruit Properties and Nutrient Concentrations of 'Chandler' Walnut Variety(Springer, 2023) Acarsoy Bilgin, Nihal; Yagmur, Bulent; Ozaktan, Hatice; Akbaba, MustafaIn Turkey, which is among the ancient walnut growing countries of the world, cultivation has been gradually increasing. Nowadays, many orchards are established with the 'Chandler' variety. However, it is not possible to obtain the desired level and quality from the walnut varieties. As is known, plant nutrients and beneficial rhizobacteria (BR) applications are important in increasing quality. In this study conducted at the walnut orchard, foliar applications such as urea, potassium nitrate, borax, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate as well as WH48/1A and WH68 BR were sprayed for 2 years. Following application, fruit characteristics, macro- and micronutrient content of leaf and kernel were determined in 'Chandler' variety. According to this, it was observed that foliar application of boron (B) in terms of nut weight (13.29 g) in the first year and the same application in terms of kernel ratio in the second year (54.96%) ranked the first row. Walnut kernel light color with potassium (K) application and kernel dark color with WH68 bacterial application were measured. Moreover, with the K application, the shrinkage ratio was low, whereas the kernel blackening was found to be high. Concerning the macro- and micronutrient content of leaves evaluated, there was an increase in nutrients in both years, except for calcium (Ca) in the first year. In terms of nutrient content of the kernel, there was an increase in nutrients in both years, except copper (Cu) in the first year and phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and B in the second year. The bacterial applications had a significant effect on nut sizes and nutrient content compared to control.Öğe Evaluation of bacteriophages in the biocontrol of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae isolated from cankers on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Turkey(Springer, 2021) Akbaba, Mustafa; Ozaktan, HaticeBackground Bacterial canker and subsequent gummosis are caused by multiple pathogens and lead to significant yield and productivity losses in sweet cherry cultivation in Turkey. This study identified that Pseudomonas syringae pathovars were responsible for bacterial canker on sweet cherry orchards by using classical and molecular methods and evaluated the biocontrol effects of bacteriophages against P. syringae pv. syringae. Results Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from samples taken from plants showing symptoms of bacterial canker in cherry orchards located in Izmir and Manisa provinces. Specific pathogens were identified using pathogenicity, phenotypic tests, and simplex PCR. Bacteriophages effective against P. syringae strains were isolated from soil contaminated with pathogens identified in the diseased orchards using an optimized isolation protocol. The biocontrol activity of bacteriophage isolates against P. syringae pv. syringae was tested in vitro and in vivo. The results of pathogenicity tests on immature sweet cherry fruits and micropropagated cherry plantlets revealed 10 pathogenic bacteria isolates from 44 plant samples taken from sweet cherry orchards showing symptoms of bacterial canker. Conclusions Ten isolates were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Nine different pure bacteriophage isolates were effective. The results indicated that bacteriophage isolates may demonstrate variable reactivity against P. syringae pathovars.Öğe Identification of Rhizobacteria that Increase Yield and Plant Tolerance to Angular Leaf Spot Disease in Cucumber(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2018) Akkopru, Ahmet; Ozaktan, HaticeThe biological control of angular leaf spot disease (ALS) of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl), using promising rhizobacteria (RB) and to compare RB efficacy to that of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) was investigated. Effects of ASM and RB isolate Pseudomonas putida AA11/1 that was isolated from the healthy cucumber root surface on disease severity and plant growth were evaluated using ALS-susceptible and tolerant cucumber cultivars in a growth chamber and a soilless growing system. ASM and AA11/1 significantly reduced average disease severity of ALS by 69 and 34% in the susceptible cultivar and 92 and 21% in the tolerant cultivar, respectively. ASM treatment significantly reduced Psl populations, but AA11/1 did not inhibit Psl growth in either cultivar. In the soilless system, disease severity was limited by either ASM or AA11/1, whereas only AA11/1 treatments significantly increased cucumber yield by 68 and 33% in the susceptible and tolerant cultivar, respectively.Öğe The long-term colonization dynamics of endophytic bacteria in cucumber plants, and their effects on yield, fruit quality and Angular Leaf Spot Disease(Elsevier, 2021) Akkopru, Ahmet; Akat, Sahika; Ozaktan, Hatice; Gul, Ayse; Akbaba, MustafaEndophytic bacteria (EB) are ubiquitous in most plant species and they colonize plant tissues actively and systemically. Their colonization and persistence in the plant may be crucial to plant growth, yield and suppressing diseases. In this study, the long-term population dynamics of the two EB, namely Ochrobactrum spp. strain CB36/1 and Pantoea agglomerans strain CC37/2 in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Gordion F1), were monitored. Also, the potential effects of these EB on plant growth, fruit quality, and yield, as well as the influences on Angular leaf spot disease of cucumber (ALS) and the yield under the disease pressure, were investigated. Plants were grown using the soilless cultivation technique in the greenhouse. Inoculation of the EB took place twice, and their population in plant tissues were monitored periodically for 62 days. Both EB isolates survived in plant organs until the end of the growing season, but over time, population densities dropped from 10(5) to 10(3) CFU g. plant 1 with the age of the plant. The EB applications had significant effects on fruit length, color and firmness. Total yield increased by 22% with CB36/1 and 21% with CC37/2 without disease pressure. Only CC37 / 2 significantly reduced the severity of ALS disease by 41% and increased yield by 22% compared to pathogen treatment alone. In this study, it was observed that the EB strain CC37/2 might contribute to reducing the chemical input and prevent the yield losses in soilless growing systems within the integrated agricultural concept.Öğe Response to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp radicis-lycopersici in tomato roots involves regulation of SA- and ET-responsive gene expressions(Springer, 2014) Cakir, Birsen; Gul, Ayse; Yolageldi, Lalehan; Ozaktan, HaticeFusarium crown and root rot of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) is a damaging disease of greenhouse crops worldwide. Here, we characterize in vivo, a new strain of FORL (27.2) isolated from wilting, sensitive tomato cultivar Kardelen F-1, widely grown in Turkey. Compared to a reference strain (usaFORL), 27.2 strain was less virulent in terms of disease severity, and plant growth parameters. To determine whether the effects of both strains involve expressions of defence-related genes, we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis in tomato roots inoculated with strains 27.2/usaFORL. Our results showed that PR1, PR6, and CH9 expressions were upregulated by usaFORL. PR4 expression in plants infected with both strains was downregulated, indicating that systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was not associated with PR4 activation. No transcripts for CH3 were observed after inoculating with both strains, suggesting that CH3 expression may not be involved in defence against FORL. ET-regulated gene (ETR1, ACO1, ACO2, and ACO3) expressions were increased only by usaFORL, indicating their correlation with pathogen virulence, and in turn, reduced ethylene sensitivity and subsequent necrosis. However, both strains downregulated ACO4 transcripts. Finally, both strains induced Pal expression, indicating gene involvement in FORL-induced SAR in tomato seedlings.Öğe Rhizobacteria promoted yield of cucumber plants grown in perlite under Fusarium wilt stress(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Gul, Ayse; Ozaktan, Hatice; Kidoglu, Funda; Tuzel, YukselThis study was carried out to determine the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L cv. Sardes F-1) production in perlite under unheated greenhouse conditions. Four native bacterial strains (18/1K: Pseudomonas putida, 62: Serratia marcescens, 66/3: Bacillus spp., 70: Pseudomonas fluorescens) and one commercial product (FZB24: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) were tested. Rhizobacteria inoculation took place before sowing and after transplanting. Plants were affected by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum occurred naturally and effects of PGPR on cucumber yield were found statistically significant. Plants inoculated with Pseudomonas putida strain 18/1K and Serratia marcescens strain 62 gave significantly higher yield compared to the control plants. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.