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Öğe The effects of participating environmentally friendly agricultural land protection program on the farm level production efficiency in Samsun province of Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2018) Yildirim, Cagatay; Ceyhan, Vedat; Atis, Ela; Turkten, Hatice; Hasdemir, Mehmet; Salali, H. Ece; Akyuz, Yarkin; Gungor, FigenIn recent years, eco-friendly practices have gained importance in agricultural production. Therefore, the aims of the study were to estimate the efficiency measures of participant and non-participant to the Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Land Protection Program (EFALP) in Samsun province of Turkey, to determine the effects of participating the program on the farm level production efficiency and to calculate the opportunity cost of conversion to eco-friendly farming system in Samsun provinces of Turkey. The bulk of the data were collected from randomly selected 133 farms and cluster analysis was performed to select similar farms. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate efficiency scores. Opportunity cost of conversion was calculated by comparing the net revenue of eco-friendly farming system and conventional one. Research results showed that the mean technical, allocative and cost efficiencies of participant farms were lower than non-participant ones. The opportunity cost of conversion eco-friendly farming and environmental subsidies paid by government were (sic)468,98 and (sic)500,87 per hectare, respectively, indicated that subsidies met the loss sourced from conversion in the research area. It was clear based on research findings that farmers would increase their technical competence, if they improved their skills via participating training and extension programs. Since the opportunity cost of the conversion was the main drivers of farmers' satisfaction from eco-friendly farming system, increasing the number of participants and continuing this support policy for environmental protection considering the balance between loss and subsidy may increase the succeed to protect of human health, soil and water resource protection.Öğe Exploring opportunity cost of conversion to eco-friendly farming system: the case of Samsun and Adana provinces of Turkey(Springer, 2020) Yildirim, Cagatay; Turkten, Hatice; Ceyhan, Vedat; Atis, Ela; Hasdemir, Mehmet; Salali, H. Ece; Gungor, FigenFor last decade, adverse effects of agricultural practices to environment have been critically important worldwide. However, there has been very limited information about sufficiency of government subsidies and effects of environmental consideration on productive efficiency. the purposes of the study are, therefore, to calculate the opportunity cost of conversion to eco-friendly farming in Samsun and Adana provinces of Turkey, to determine the effects of participating the program on the farm level production efficiency and to reveal link farmers' satisfaction and opportunity cost of participating to EFALP. the bulk of data were collected from randomly selected 168 farms by using structured questionnaire during the production year of 2015. the difference between the net revenue of participants and non-participant farms was attributed to opportunity cost of conversion to eco-friendly farming system. Data envelopment analysis was used to calculate the efficiency measures such as technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency for similar participants and non-participant farms, which were selected by using cluster analysis. Research result showed that scores of economic efficiency, allocative efficiency and technical efficiency were 0.37, 0.84 and 0.45 in Adana, while that of Samsun were 0.4, 0.77 and 0.60, respectively. the share of subsidies for environmental protection in total subsidies for participant farms in Samsun and Adana was 88.6% and 55.6%, respectively. the opportunity cost of environment protection for average farm was euro4454.3 in Adana and euro502.5 in Samsun. the quantity of sacrifice for protecting environment in Adana is higher than that of Samsun. Farm level sufficiency of environmental subsidies was 10.6% in Adana, while that of Samsun was more than a hundred. Research results also showed that government environmental subsidies were not allocated efficiently since EFALP ignored the opportunity cost of conversion and its spatial differences. It was clear from the evidence based on the research findings that the quantity of sacrifice for protecting environment was the basic reason for farmers' satisfaction from EFALP. Rethinking the mechanism of EFALP considering spatial variability of farms' sacrifice for protecting the environment may reinforce the EFALP. Research suggested a new option that is allocating the government payment associated with an opportunity cost of conversion to balance spatial satisfaction among farms included EFALP and to increase financial efficiency of the EFALP budget.